Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndi mtundu wa polymeric CHIKWANGWANI etha wopezedwa ndi kusinthidwa mankhwala a cellulose zachilengedwe. Mapangidwe ake amapangidwa makamaka ndi D-glucose unit yolumikizidwa ndi β (1→4) glucoside bond. Amasungunuka m'madzi ozizira kuti apange yankho la viscous. Kukhuthala kwa yankho kumakhudzana ndi vitamini yaiwisi ya DP (yapamwamba, yapakatikati, yotsika), komanso ndende ndi kusungunuka, mwachitsanzo: kusungunuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yometa ubweya wambiri pa yankho, ngati CMC ili ndi DS yochepa, kapena kugawa m'malo kumakhala kosagwirizana, ndiye kuti gel osakaniza amapangidwa; Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati DS yapamwamba ndi kulowetsedwa kugawidwa mofanana, njira yowonekera komanso yofanana imapangidwa.

Zinthu zina zomwe zingasinthe kusungunuka ndi kukhuthala kwa mayankho a CMC ndi kutentha, PH, mchere, shuga kapena ma polima ena.

Kutentha:
Pamene kutentha kwa yankho la CMC kukuwonjezeka, kukhuthala kwa yankho kumachepa (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1). Komabe, pakakhala nthawi yayitali yotentha, kutentha kumatsika mpaka kutentha koyambirira, yankho limatha kuyambiranso kukhuthala koyambirira. Ngati kutentha kwa kutentha ndi nthawi yayitali (monga 125 ℃, 1 ora), kukhuthala kwa yankho kumachepa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa cellulose. Izi, monga chakudya disinfection zimachitika
PH zotsatira:
Kwa CMC, yankho, PH acidic, ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa CMC-NA idzasinthidwa kukhala CMC-H, yosasungunuka. Pofuna kuwongolera kusungunuka kwabwino kwa CMC mu media acidic, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula ndi DS (0.8-0.9) yayikulu komanso musanawonjezere asidi.

Mchere zotsatira: CMC ndi mtundu anionic, akhoza kuchita ndi mchere kupanga sungunuka CMC mchere, bivalent kapena trivalent mchere, ndiye kulimbikitsa mapangidwe maukonde kwambiri kapena zochepa, kapena chifukwa CMC mamasukidwe akayendedwe kuchepetsa, kapena chifukwa gelation kapena mpweya, ngati CMC choyamba kusungunuka m'madzi, ndiyeno kuwonjezera mchere, zotsatira zake ndi zazing'ono.

Zotsatira za zinthu zina:
Zosintha zimayambanso chifukwa chowonjezera zosungunulira zina, kapena zina monga shuga, zowuma ndi mkamwa.

Zina:
CMC amadzimadzi njira ndi thixotropic. Yankho lamadzi la CMC likuwonetsa machitidwe a pseudoplastic pamlingo wometa ubweya wambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutengera kumeta ubweya wa ubweya, yankho lamakayendedwe apamwamba a CMC litha kukhala lotsika kwambiri kuposa yankho la CMC lapakatikati.
Kugwiritsa ntchito CMC muzakudya

CMC-Na imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya ngati chowonjezera, chokhazikika, ndi zina zambiri, komanso imatha kuthandizira kupeza kapangidwe kabungwe komwe kakufunika, komanso mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa. Chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri izi, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya, omwe tsopano akuyambitsidwa motere:

Choyamba, mazira ozizira mchere - ayisikilimu - shuga madzi sorbet

Muzinthu zozizira, stabilizer iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti bungwe la mankhwala likhale lokhazikika kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito. Pakati pa zokhazikika zambiri, CMC ndiye chokhazikika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ayisikilimu ndi zinthu zina zachisanu. Chifukwa chake ndikuti, choyamba, CMC itabalalika bwino, imatha kusungunuka m'madzi, kupanga mamasukidwe ofunikira, ndikuwongolera bwino kukula. Kachiwiri, CMC, monga zokhazikika zina, imatha kuwongolera mapangidwe a ayezi, kukhalabe ndi bungwe lofananira komanso lokhazikika, ndikusunga bata ikasungidwa, ngakhale itaundana / kusungunuka mobwerezabwereza. CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono ndipo imapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri (mawonekedwe ndi kukoma).

Mu ayisikilimu otsika mafuta ndi mkaka, CMC akuti imasakanizidwa ndi 10-15% carrageenan kuteteza kulekanitsa kusakaniza kusanazizidwe. Ndi kuchepa kwamafuta, kuchuluka kwa CMC kumawonjezeka moyenera, ndipo mawonekedwe amafuta ndi oterera amatha kupezeka.

CMC itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chokhazikika cha zakumwa zotsitsimula zamadzi a zipatso. Mu sorbet wamadzi a shuga, CMC imatha kumasula fungo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya masking mtundu ndi kukoma.

Muzakudya zamkaka zowuma monga kusakaniza kowuma, pafupifupi 0,2% CMC stabilizer imatha kuwonjezeredwa, ndipo mumadzimadzi, kuchuluka kwa CMC kumatha kufika 0.75 ~ 1%. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa CMC yowonjezeredwa kumasiyanasiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chisanu. M'mayiko ena, zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mafuta a mkaka, zakudya zotsekemera zopangira monga sorbitol zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa shuga mu ayisikilimu, ndipo CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Awiri, chakudya chophikidwa

Zowotcha zimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri: monga mkate wapadera, makeke osiyanasiyana, ma pie, fritters ndi zina zotero.

Popanga mkate, mkate ndi zinthu zina, ndi mtanda monga zinthu m'munsi, chifukwa CMC yomweyo, akhoza mwamsanga pamodzi ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana, mwamsanga kupeza mtanda povutirapo. Nthawi zina, ntchito CMC kusintha zosakaniza, madzi ambiri kuwonjezeredwa kwambiri, pa gramu CMC, madzi pakati pa 20 ndi 40, kuchuluka kwa CMC zimasiyanasiyana mankhwala, zambiri 0,1 kuti 0,4% ya olimba.

Kuphatikizika kwa CMC pazakudya zophikidwa kumatha kusintha kufanana kwa mtanda ndikugawa zosakaniza, monga zoumba kapena zipatso za kristalo. Zosakaniza izi zikhoza kugawidwa mofanana mu mankhwala pophika.

Nthawi zambiri, madzi owonjezera amatha kusungidwa panthawi yophika kuti apeze zinthu zofewa, ngakhale kwa masiku angapo, kotero CMC imatha kuchepetsa kukalamba kwa zinthu. Chifukwa mkati mwake muli tinthu tating'ono tofewa, nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwazinthu.

CMC imatha kusintha mawonekedwe a minofu yodzaza, zowonjezera ndi icing, ndikupewa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi ndikuwongolera kutsekemera kwa makhiristo a shuga. Muzinthu zofewa, CMC yokhazikika yokhazikika, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito yokha, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi zina zowonjezera.
3. Zakumwa Zofewa

CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi kutulutsa timadziti, kukonza kakomedwe ndi kapangidwe kake, kuthetsa mapangidwe a mphete zamafuta pamabotolo, ndikusunga zotsekemera zotsekemera zopanga.

Zotsatira za CMC mu zakumwa zimagwirizana ndi magawo angapo, monga mtundu wa CMC, kukhuthala, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa CMC, mtundu wa zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi ndi zosakaniza.

Ambiri, dongosolo Kuwonjezera ndi homogenization wa zosakaniza ndi zochepa kwambiri pa bata. Nthawi ina, CMC imawonjezedwa, makamaka kumapeto kwa kupanga. Izi zimapangitsa bata.

Ngakhale kukhuthala sikumakhala koyambitsa kuyimitsidwa kwa madzi, nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa mu zakumwa zamadzimadzi za 25 ° Brix ndipo ndikosavuta kukhazikika kusiyana ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zimakhala ndi zolimba zosungunuka 7-10%.

4. Zamkaka Zamkaka

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala: mankhwala osalowerera ndale, monga dessert zonona; Zinthu za acidic, monga zakumwa za yogurt.

Mankhwala osalowerera ndale: CMC ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti ipange mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zonona zamchere, CMC imatha kuthetsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi la wowuma, carrageenan kapena CMC carrageenan, kotero ikhoza kupangidwa kuti isunge zonona zokwapulidwa.

Yogurt: CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga yogurt, yomwe imakhala yofala kwambiri, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake cha anionic, chomwe chimalola casein kuchitapo kanthu mu PH isoelectric point range (PH4.6) kuti apange mankhwala osungunuka a kutentha ndi kusungirako malo okhazikika. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zingapo zimatha kupangidwa ndikukhazikika: monga mkaka wowawasa, zakumwa, buttermilk, mkaka, zakumwa zamadzi amkaka, ndi zina zambiri.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti akwaniritse bata labwino. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa CMC yowonjezeredwa kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa CMC (pa chi?erengero chofanana chofanana, kukhazikika kwa mtundu wa viscosity wapamwamba kuli bwino); Zogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha casein; Zogwirizana ndi mtengo wa PH wa chakumwa; Pankhani ya nayonso mphamvu kapena acidification, imatha kutulutsa zophatikizira za casein. Kugwirizana kwa mankhwalawa kumagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha CMC, mafuta, chinthu cholimba, komanso chokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha makina, monga homogenization pansi pa kupanikizika, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kusinthasintha koma sizimakhudza kukhazikika.

kirimu wowawasa, mkaka wowawasa, kirimu tchizi kupanikizana, etc., akhoza kuwonjezera CMC kukhazikika.

CMC ndi mapuloteni ena amathanso kupanga zinthu zosungunuka, monga mapuloteni a soya, gelatin.

Kukonzekera saladi ndi jams zosiyanasiyana

CMC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga saladi kuvala, ndipo n'zosavuta kupanga emulsion, makamaka pamene amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa zinthu zosayenera kutentha, amene angathe kusintha bata.

Kutengera kusasinthika komwe kumafunidwa ndi mafuta, gwiritsani ntchito ma sing'anga-kukhuthala kapena kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa CMC, kuchuluka kwake kuli pakati pa 0.5-1%. Kupanga kuvala saladi kumapangidwa ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mafuta ku gawo lamadzi la CMC ndikuyambitsa. Njira ya opaleshoniyi ikhoza kupangidwa mwachindunji, kusakaniza zosakaniza bwino, kumwazikana m'madzi ndi mphanda kapena whisk, kusonkhezera kwa mphindi zingapo, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera mafuta kuti mupange emulsion. Pamene CMC ndi insoluble mu ndondomekoyi, ndi omwazikana mu mafuta, pansi zochita za mkulu kukameta ubweya mphamvu, pamene gawo madzi lili zosakaniza zina (monga dzira yolk, viniga, mchere ...). Pamene emulsification imapangidwanso.

CMC angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana kupanikizana monga kwambiri mazira mbale chakudya. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a CMC, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kupangidwa
(yosalala, yayitali kapena yayifupi), makamaka, imatha kuyamwa madzi ndikuletsa kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi kuchepa pamene ikusungunuka ndikutenthanso mu uvuni.

Mu msuzi wa phwetekere, CMC imawonjezedwa kuti ipereke kukhazikika komanso kapangidwe kake. Mlingo ndi 0.5-1%, womwe umachepa pamene kuchuluka kwa M tomato wogwiritsidwa ntchito kumawonjezeka.

6. Chikwapu chokwapulidwa zonona zonona

CMC angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati stabilizer kwa minofu lotayirira (pore) mankhwala, kuchokera kukhazikika kwa zotsatira kuganizira, HPC thobvu tingati kwambiri, pamene ndi masamba mafuta pamodzi kupanga zowonjezera thovu, zotsatira zake ndi zabwino kwambiri.

Chofunikira kwambiri chokhazikika ndikuletsa kumangirira kwa caking ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamafuta, kuteteza stratification ya gawo lamadzimadzi panthawi yosungira, komanso kupewa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi.

8. Ntchito zina

CMC Ntchito zina:
Mtengo wa calorific wa CMC ndi wotsika. Chifukwa chake, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zinthu zochepa zama calorie.

Muzakudya zofulumira, CMC imasungunuka mwachangu, ikupereka kusasinthasintha komanso kapangidwe kake, komwe kumatha kuyimitsa chigawo china, monga khofi mu zakumwa za chokoleti.

M'zakudya za nyama, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chothira mchere komanso kupewa kupatukana kwamafuta. Zimakhalanso ndi mgwirizano komanso kusunga madzi kuti muteteze kuchepa kwa nyama ya soseji.