M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusala kudya kwakhala kokondedwa kwatsopano kwa gulu la asayansi, kusala kudya kwawonetsedwa kuti kumachepetsa thupi ndikukulitsa moyo wa nyama, makamaka, kafukufuku wochulukirapo akuwonetsa kuti kusala kumakhala ndi zabwino zambiri paumoyo, kukonza thanzi la kagayidwe kachakudya, kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa matenda omwe amabwera ndi ukalamba, komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa zotupa.
Kusala kudya kwapang'onopang'ono, monga kuletsa kwa caloric, kwawonetsedwa kuti kumakulitsa moyo ndi moyo wathanzi wa nyama zachitsanzo monga yisiti, nematodes, ntchentche za zipatso, ndi mbewa. Mwa anthu, kusala kudya kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kwanthawi yayitali, komanso kuletsa kwa caloric kosalekeza, kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazigawo zingapo zokhudzana ndi thanzi zomwe zitha kukhala ndi njira yofananira, ndipo pali umboni wamphamvu wakuti autophagy imayimira izi.

Kuphatikiza apo, spermidine (SPD) yakhala ikugwirizananso ndi kuwonjezereka kwa autophagy, anti-kukalamba, komanso kuchepa kwa matenda amtima ndi neurodegenerative m'mitundu yonse.

Pa Ogasiti 8, 2024, Ofufuza ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Graz ku Austria, Sorbonne ku Paris ndi University of Crete ku Greece adasindikiza pepala lotchedwa "Spermidine ndiyofunikira pakusala kudya kwapakati pa autophagy" m'magazini ya Nature Cell Biology ndi moyo wautali "pepala lofufuza.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti spermidine ndi yofunika kuti mofulumira-mediated autophagy ndi moyo wautali, ndi kuti kusintha kwa moyo wautali ndi utali wathanzi mwa kusala kudya mitundu angapo kumadalira pang'ono pa spermidine amadalira eIF5A-hypusination kusinthidwa ndi kulowetsedwa wotsatira wa autophagy.

Mu nyama zoyamwitsa, kuchepa kwa zaka zakubadwa kwa autophagy flux kumalimbikitsa kudzikundikira kwa protein aggregates ndi organelles osagwira ntchito, komanso kulephera kwa chilolezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kutupa.

Kuletsa kwa autophagy pamlingo wa majini kumathandizira kukalamba kwa mbewa. Kutayika kwa masinthidwe amtundu wa majini omwe amawongolera kapena kuchita autophagy kwalumikizidwa chifukwa cha matenda amtima, matenda opatsirana, matenda a neurodegenerative, ndi matenda a metabolic, musculoskeletal, maso, ndi mapapo, ambiri omwe amafanana ndi kukalamba msanga. Mosiyana ndi izi, kukondoweza kwa autophagy pa mlingo wa majini kumalimbikitsa moyo wautali komanso moyo wautali wamoyo wathanzi mu zinyama zachitsanzo, kuphatikizapo ntchentche za zipatso ndi mbewa.

Kuphatikiza pazakudya zopatsa thanzi, kugwiritsa ntchito spermidine yachilengedwe ya polyamine pa nyama zachitsanzo monga yisiti, nematodes, ntchentche za zipatso, ndi mbewa ndi njira ina yowonjezeramo moyo modalira autophagy. Kuonjezera apo, spermidine ikhoza kubwezeretsa autophagy flux mu kuzungulira lymphocytes okalamba, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuwonetsetsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya za spermidine kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepetsa imfa yonse mwa anthu.

Spermidine ndi mtundu wa polyamine wachilengedwe womwe umapezeka kwambiri mu zamoyo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku wochulukirapo awonetsa kuti spermidine ili ndi zamatsenga komanso zamphamvu zoletsa kukalamba.

Chifukwa chake, kusala kudya, kuletsa kwa caloric, ndi spermidine kumatalikitsa moyo wa nyama zachitsanzo ndikuyambitsa phylogenetically conserved, autophagy imadalira chitetezo paukalamba. Pakafukufuku waposachedwa, gulu lofufuza lidafufuzanso ngati zodzitchinjiriza za kusala kudya kwapakatikati zimagwirizana kapena zimadalira spermidine.

Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti milingo ya spermidine idakula mu yisiti, ntchentche za zipatso, mbewa ndi anthu pansi pa kusala kudya kapena kuletsa ma calories. Majini kapena mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka spermidine amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa autophagy mu yisiti, nematodes, ndi maselo aumunthu.

Kuonjezera apo, kusokoneza njira ya polyamine m'thupi kungathe kuthetsa zotsatira zotalikirapo za kusala kudya pa moyo wautali ndi moyo wathanzi, komanso zoteteza kusala kudya pamtima ndi zotsatira zotsutsana ndi nyamakazi.

Mwachimake, spermidine imayimira izi poyambitsa autophagy ndi hypusination ya eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A. Polyamine-Hypusnation axis ndi phylogenetically conserved metabolic regulatory hub mu kupititsa patsogolo kwachangu kwa autophagy ndi kukulitsa moyo.

Ponseponse, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwa kusala kudya kwa moyo wautali komanso moyo wathanzi m'mitundu ingapo kumadalira pang'ono pakusintha kwa eIF5A-hypusination yodalira spermidine ndikuyambitsa autophagy.