M'zaka zaposachedwa, kunenepa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kukuchulukirachulukira komanso momwe matenda a shuga akukhudza achinyamata, "kuwongolera shuga m'magazi" kwakhala vuto lalikulu paumoyo wa anthu. Pankhondo yolimbana ndi kutsekemera iyi, mkangano pakati pa sucrose wachikhalidwe ndi sucralose wolowa m'malo mwa shuga ukukulirakulira - choyambirira chikuyimira kukoma koyambirira komwe kunaperekedwa ndi chilengedwe, pomwe chomalizachi chikuyimira chikhumbo chaukadaulo chaumunthu chofuna kusintha mamolekyu. Mpikisano wawo sikuti ndi masewera a kukoma kokha, komanso amawonetsa kulimbana kwamphamvu pakati pa chitetezo cha chakudya, sayansi ya metabolic ndi zokonda zamalonda.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Mutu 1 Sweet Revolution: Kudumpha kwaukadaulo kuchokera kuminda ya nzimbe kupita ku ma laboratories

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.1 Sucrose: Khodi yokoma ya Chilengedwe

Mbiri ya sucrose imatha kuyambika ku India cha m'ma 500 BC, pomwe anthu adayamba kutulutsa shuga wa crystalline kumadzi a nzimbe. Chikhalidwe chake chamankhwala ndi ? Mapangidwe a disaccharide a shuga ndi fructose (C??H??O??) , monga chopangidwa ndi photosynthesis m'zomera, kupereka mphamvu yofulumira kwa anthu.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Mfundo Zopangira : Kukanikiza nzimbe/shuga → kuyeretsedwa → crystallization, kumadalira kubzala ndi kukonza zinthu;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Mtengo wapakati : 4 zopatsa mphamvu pa gramu, kutsekemera benchmark ya 1, mwachilengedwe yofananira ndi zolandilira kukoma;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe : Kuchokera ku "golide woyera" wa ku Roma wakale mpaka pa ntchito ya moyo pa kuphika kwamakono, nzimbe imanyamula chilakolako chachibadwa cha anthu chokoma.

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.2 Sucralose: Chodabwitsa chosinthidwa ndi molekyulu

Mu 1976, asayansi ku Tate & Lyle ku UK, popanga mankhwala ophera tizirombo, adapeza mwangozi kuti kusintha magulu atatu a hydroxyl mu molekyulu ya sucrose ndi atomu ya chlorine (C??H??Cl?O?) kumatulutsa kukoma kokoma kwambiri komwe sikumapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Kupezeka kumeneku kunadzetsa Sucralose, kubweretsa nyengo yatsopano yamakampani olowa m'malo a shuga.

Malingaliro opanga Youdaoplaceholder0 : Sucrose chlorination → kusintha kwa mankhwala → kuyeretsedwa, kumadalira kaphatikizidwe kake kake;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Kupambana kwa magwiridwe antchito : Kutsekemera nthawi 600 kuposa sucrose, ziro zopatsa mphamvu, zosagwira kutentha (zoyenera kuphika ndi kutseketsa zakumwa);

Youdaoplaceholder0 Business boom : Atavomerezedwa ndi FDA mu 1998, sucralose idatenga mwachangu msika wachakumwa wopanda shuga, ndi msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wopitilira $ 1.8 biliyoni mu 2022.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Chapter 2 Health Controversy: Metabolic Mechanisms and Safety boundaries

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.1 Mphamvu ya lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse kwa sucrose

Youdaoplaceholder0 Metabolic pathway : Sucrose → Yosweka m'matumbo kukhala shuga + fructose → imalowa m'magazi kuti ipeze mphamvu kapena imasungidwa ngati mafuta.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Umboni wochirikiza : WHO ikulimbikitsa kuti kudya kwa shuga waulere tsiku lililonse kuzikhala kuchepera 10% ya ma calories (pafupifupi 50 magalamu a sucrose);

Chenjezo la Ngozi ya Youdaoplaceholder0 : Kudya mopitirira muyeso kumalumikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kudwala mano, kukana insulini, ndi kufa kwa 35 miliyoni kuchokera ku matenda okhudzana ndi shuga padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse.

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.2 The Safety Puzzle of sucralose

Youdaoplaceholder0 Makhalidwe a kagayidwe kachakudya : Molekyuluyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuti isaphwanyidwe ndi ma enzymes am'matumbo → imatulutsidwa mwachindunji ndipo sichita nawo kagayidwe kazakudya.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Kuvomereza Mwalamulo : FDA, EFSA ndi JECFA onse atsimikiza zachitetezo chake, ndikuloledwa kudya tsiku lililonse (ADI) kwa 5mg/kg kulemera kwa thupi;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Kukhazikika kwa mikangano :

Youdaoplaceholder0 Gut microbiota disturbance : Kafukufuku wa 2018 mu Natural adanena kuti sucralose ikhoza kulepheretsa kukula kwa ma probiotics kapena kukulitsa zovuta za metabolic;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwambiri : Chloropropanol (chomwe chingathe kuyambitsa khansa) chikhoza kutulutsidwa pamwamba pa 120 ° C, koma kupanga kwenikweni pakuphika ndikotsika kwambiri;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Kudalira kutsekemera kwamalingaliro : Kudya kapena kukulitsa chilakolako cha zakudya zotsekemera kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali mosalunjika kumawonjezera kudya kwa calorie.

Malingaliro a Katswiri a Youdaoplaceholder0 :

Zotsekemera zopanga sizili zowononga thanzi, komanso sizingathetse vuto. Chofunikira ndikumvetsetsa zochitika zake.

-- Dr. Sara Smith, Pulofesa wa Nutrition ku yunivesite ya Johns Hopkins

Youdaoplaceholder0 Chapter 3 Application Showdown: The Sweet Battlefield of Food Industry

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.1 Kusasinthika kwa sucrose

Youdaoplaceholder0 Baking field : Kachitidwe ka caramelization (Maillard reaction) imapatsa mkate kutumphuka kwagolide komanso fungo lapadera. Sucralose ilibe mawonekedwe awa ndipo utoto ndi zokometsera ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa;

Makampani a Chakumwa cha Youdaoplaceholder0 : Kola wamba amadalira kukoma kolemera kwa sucrose. Kuyesedwa kwakhungu ndi ogula kumasonyeza kuti matembenuzidwe osinthidwa ndi shuga nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa chifukwa chokhala ndi "zofooka zofooka";

Youdaoplaceholder0 Zomwe zikubwera : Zakudya zopangidwa ndi manja apamwamba zimalimbikira kugwiritsa ntchito sucrose yachilengedwe ndikugogomezera lingaliro la "Clean Label".

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.2 Ufumu wamalonda wa sucralose

Youdaoplaceholder0 Zakumwa zopanda shuga ? : Mitundu ngati Coke Zero ndi Yanki Forest yakwanitsa "nthano ya zero-calorie" ndi sucralose, ndipo msika wachakumwa wopanda shuga ku China udakula ndi 25% mu 2023;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Zakudya zogwira ntchito : Monga chotsekemera chachikulu muzakudya zapadera za matenda a shuga ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zama calorie kuti zithetse kutsutsana pakati pa kukoma ndi zopatsa mphamvu;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Kulowa kosawoneka : M'malo osadya monga mankhwala otsukira mano ndi zokutira mankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wotsutsa-caries ndi kukhazikika kwake.

Mlandu wa Youdaoplaceholder0: Njira yokoma ya Pepsi-Cola

Mu 2021, PepsiCo idalengeza kuti izisiya aspartame pamsika waku North America ndikusinthiratu ma formula a sucralose. Chisankhochi chinapangitsa kuti chiwonjezeko cha 14% pakugulitsa kwapachaka kwa mzere wake wopanda shuga, kutsimikizira zokonda za ogula "zolowa m'malo mwa shuga".

Youdaoplaceholder0 Mutu 4 Tsogolo Lamtsogolo: Chisinthiko ndi kukhalapo kwa zotsekemera

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.1 Technology Iteration: Kukwera kwa zotsekemera za m'badwo wachitatu

Youdaoplaceholder0 Olowa m'malo mwa shuga wachilengedwe : Stevia ndi mogroside alanda msika wapamwamba kwambiri wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha "chomera";

Youdaoplaceholder0 Blending scheme : Chopangidwa ndi sucralose ndi erythritol, kukoma kofananira ndi mapindu azaumoyo;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Precision Sweet Taste : Mapangidwe opangidwa ndi AI a mamolekyu atsopano okoma omwe amatsanzira njira za kagayidwe kachakudya ndi ma curves a sucrose.

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.2 Kukwezedwa kwa kuzindikira kwa ogula

Youdaoplaceholder0 Scientific Scientific Control School : Sankhani zotsekemera molingana ndi zomwe zachitika - sucrose pobwezeretsa shuga pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zotsekemera zopangira zakumwa zatsiku ndi tsiku;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Natural fundamentalism : Pewani zowonjezera zonse kuti mulimbikitse kumwa kwa organic sucrose;

Kutsutsana kwa Youdaoplaceholder0 Gen Z : 87% ya achinyamata amagula zakumwa zopanda shuga ndikudya zokhwasula-khwasula zokhala ndi shuga wambiri ngati tiyi wamkaka, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa kuzindikira zathanzi ndi zosangalatsa.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Kutsiliza: Chofunika kwambiri cha kukoma ndi kusankha

Mu masewerawa pakati pa chilengedwe ndi artificiality, palibe wopambana mtheradi. Sucrose imayimira mgwirizano wakale pakati pa anthu ndi chilengedwe, ndipo sucralose ikuwonetsa chikhumbo chaukadaulo chosintha moyo. Tikatenga chitini chakumwa kutsogolo kwa shelufu ya sitolo, zomwe timasankha sizokoma kokha, komanso voti pa thanzi, makhalidwe ndi malingaliro a bizinesi. Mwina nzeru yeniyeni ya sayansi yagona pakumvetsetsa: Mapeto a kukoma sikulowa m'malo, koma kulinganiza.