Ma amino acid, ma peptides, mapuloteni ndi ma enzymes onse ndi ma biomolecule omwe amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pazochitika za moyo, koma amakhalanso ogwirizana komanso amalumikizana. Amino zidulo Amino zidulo ndi mayunitsi oyambirira a mapuloteni komanso ndi zofunika kwambiri organic mamolekyu mu kachitidwe zamoyo. Lili ndi gulu la amino (NH2), gulu la carboxyl (COOH), ndi gulu la R. Mapangidwe a unyolo wa peptide momwe ma amino acid amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi ma peptide. Mu unyolo wa peptide, gulu la carboxyl la amino acid imodzi limalumikizidwa ku gulu la amino la amino acid ina kudzera mu mgwirizano wake wa carbon-oxygen. Mapeto awiri a peptide amatchedwa n-terminal ndi C-terminal. Utali wa unyolo wa peptide ukapitilira ma amino acid 100, unyolo wa polypeptide umapangidwa. Polypeptide imatanthawuza unyolo wa peptide wopangidwa ndi 2-100 amino acid, mahomoni, michere, maantibayotiki, ndi zina zambiri, ndi ma polypeptides, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala osavuta kupanga ndikusintha kuposa mapuloteni. Mapuloteni ndi maunyolo a peptide okhala ndi ma amino acid opitilira 100 ndipo ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo. M'maselo, mapuloteni amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zigawo zamagulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma enzymes, mahomoni, ma photosynthetic pigment, ndi zina zambiri, amapangidwanso ndi mapuloteni. Ma Enzymes ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuti ma enzyme apangidwe. Ndi mamolekyu apadera opangidwa ndi ma biomolecules monga mapuloteni kapena RNA ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a gawo lapansi.

Udindo wa ma amino acid, ma peptides, mapuloteni ndi michere m'zomera 1. Ma amino acid: Ma amino acid atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la michere yazakudya kuti ikule bwino ndikukula. Pambuyo poyamwa ma amino acid, zomera zimatha kupanga mapuloteni, nucleic acid ndi ma biomolecules ena, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugawanika kwa maselo a zomera ndi kukula kwa minofu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma amino acid mu chilala, mchere, kutentha pang'ono ndi zovuta zina zimatha kukulitsa kukana kwa mbewu, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu. 2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides ndi gawo lofunikira la owongolera kukula kwa mbewu. Ma peptides amatha kukhudza kusintha kwa ma siginecha ndi kukula ndi chitukuko pomanga ma membrane receptors. Mwachitsanzo, polypeptide auxin ndi mahomoni a polypeptide amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu ndipo amatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi kukula kwa mizu. Ma peptides amathanso kutenga gawo lofunikira pakudzitchinjiriza kwa chitetezo chamthupi, monga kupangitsa kupanga zinthu zoteteza antioxidant m'zomera ndikukulitsa kukana kwa zomera ku matenda ndi tizirombo.

3. Mapuloteni: Mapuloteni ali ndi ntchito zambiri pazaulimi. Polima mbewu, mapuloteni amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la feteleza kuti chomera chizitha kuyamwa ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni ena a protein ndi auxin amakhalanso ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Mapuloteni amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu biopesticide ndi kuswana. 4. Ma Enzymes: Ma Enzymes nawonso ndi ofunikira kwambiri pantchito yolima. Mwachitsanzo, ma enzymes ena amathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, zomwe zimapindulitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Palinso ma enzyme omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito poteteza mbewu ndikuwongolera tizirombo ndi matenda a mbewu, monga ma hydrolases omwe amachepetsa kukana kwa makoma a cell cell, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo towopsa tipulumuke.