Zigawo zazikulu za gluten ufa ndi tirigu gluten ndi mowa sungunuka mapuloteni, komanso ochepa wowuma, mafuta, mchere, etc. (Table 1) . Tirigu wa tirigu ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi polymerization ya polypeptide bond kudzera intermolecular disulfide bond. Ili ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa mamolekyu, ndi ulusi, ndipo imalumikizana kwambiri m'nthambi. Mapangidwe ake ndi osakhazikika, ndipo molekyuluyo imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zopindika za β, zokhala ndi glutamine (Gln) ndi cysteine ??(Cys). Mowa sungunuka mapuloteni ndi monomeric mapuloteni ndi molecular kulemera pafupifupi 35 kD, ozungulira mawonekedwe, osasungunuka m'madzi ndi anhydrous Mowa, koma sungunuka 70% mpaka 80% Mowa njira. Makhalidwe ake ndikuti ali ndi ma proline ambiri ndi amide, maunyolo osakhala a polar kuposa maunyolo am'mphepete mwa polar, palibe mawonekedwe a subunit mkati mwa molekyulu, ndipo palibe zomangira za disulfide pakati pa unyolo wa peptide. Unyolo umodzi wa peptide umalumikizidwa ndi ma hydrogen bond, ma hydrophobic bond, ndi ma intramolecular disulfide bond, kupanga mawonekedwe ophatikizika amitundu itatu. Pansi pa pH yotsika, mapuloteni osungunuka mowa amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu inayi kutengera ma electrophoretic kuyenda: alpha, beta, gamma, ndi omega. Pakati pawo, mapuloteni osungunuka a alpha amakhala ndi madzimadzi kwambiri, pamene mapuloteni osungunuka a omega mowa amakhala ndi madzi oipa kwambiri.

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