Sucralose ndi cholowa m'malo shuga. Ndiwotsekemera wopangidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Anthu nthawi zambiri amakokera ku zolowa m'malo mwa shuga chifukwa amapereka kukoma koma alibe ma calorie opezeka mu shuga. Sucralose nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophatikizira muzakudya ndi zakumwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa ngati "zopanda shuga" kapena "kuchepetsa thupi" kuti muchepetse kudya kwama calorie.

Kodi sucralose ndi chiyani?

Sucralose amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, osapatsa thanzi, otsekemera a zero-calorie. Sucralose amapangidwa mongopanga kuchokera ku shuga wa patebulo (shuga wapa tebulo) kudzera munjira zingapo zomwe amasankha m'malo mwa magulu atatu a hydroxyl mu molekyulu ya shuga ndi maatomu atatu a chlorine. Pambuyo pake, idayeretsedwa pafupifupi 98%. Zosintha zamakina izi zimatsimikizira kuti sucralose imakhala yokoma pafupifupi nthawi 600 kuposa shuga wapa tebulo. Mapeto ake ndi zotsekemera zoyera, za crystalline, zogwira mtima kwambiri zomwe zimasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi. Kusungunuka kwambiri kwa Sucralose m'madzi kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya zosiyanasiyana zosinthidwa: zophika, zakumwa, chingamu, gelatin, ndi zotsekemera za mkaka wowuma. Anthu omwe amafunafuna zotsekemera zina nthawi zambiri amakonda sucralose kuposa zotsekemera zina monga aspartame ndi saccharin. Monga chochokera ku shuga wapagome, sucralose imakhalabe ndi kukoma kwake kodziwika bwino kwa "shuga", pomwe ilibe kukoma kowawa komwe kumapezeka m'malo ena shuga. Kutsekemera kwamphamvu kwa sucralose kumapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kupitirire kutali, ndikupangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pazakudya zotsika zama calorie. Mayamwidwe a sucralose m'matumbo am'mimba ndi ochepa, ndipo njira yayikulu yochotsera sucralose mu chopondapo. Choncho, palibe njira yowonongeka (yowonongeka), kutsimikizira kuti sucralose si gwero la mphamvu ndi / kapena zopatsa mphamvu. Status of Approval and regulation sucralose idavomerezedwa koyamba kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ku Canada mu 1991, kutsatiridwa ndi Australia mu 1993 ndi New Zealand mu 1996. Mu 1998, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idavomereza sucralose kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulu 15 azakudya ndi zakumwa, ndipo idakulitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ngati njira yotsekemera ya 199 pazakudya zovomerezeka. chowonjezera ku European Union mu 2004. A FDA amawongolera sucralose ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya. Pansi pa federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, zotsekemera ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka kudya. Kutsimikiza kwachitetezo kwa FDA kumatengera kafukufuku wambiri wa nyama ndi mayeso azachipatala omwe amawunika toxicology, teratogenicity (kuthekera koyambitsa vuto la fetal pa nthawi yapakati), komanso carcinogenicity. Malinga ndi malingaliro a FDA, mulingo wovomerezeka wa tsiku ndi tsiku (ADI) wa sucralose ku United States umayikidwa pa 5 mg/kg kulemera kwa thupi patsiku (mg/kg/tsiku). Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito sucralose pakuwongolera kulemera kwa calorie

Mosiyana ndi shuga wa patebulo, sucralose sigayidwa kapena kusweka m'matumbo am'mimba ndipo sakhala ngati mafuta opatsa mphamvu m'matupi athu. Chifukwa chake, sucralose ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino kwa anthu omwe akufuna kusintha shuga wapa tebulo (supuni imodzi kapena pafupifupi magalamu 4.2 a shuga wapa tebulo amakhala ndi ma calorie 16) ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma calorie onse. Mwa kuphatikiza sucralose muzakudya zawo, anthu amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo zokoma popanda kudera nkhawa za zopatsa mphamvu zowonjezera, zomwe ndizofunikira pakuwongolera kulemera.

Zoyenera kuwongolera matenda a shuga

Sucralose samapangidwa ndi matupi athu kuti apeze mphamvu ndipo samayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (6). Kutengera ndi maphunziro azachipatala a sucralose mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, a FDA atsimikiza kuti sucralose siyimakhudza kuwongolera kwakanthawi kochepa kwa shuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro angapo azachipatala awonetsa kuti sucralose siyikhudza shuga wanthawi yayitali (monga momwe amayezera HbA1c glycosylation) mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. Chifukwa chake, sucralose ndi njira yotsekemera yotetezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zochepa zama carb. Komabe, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zakudya zilizonse, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amayenera kukaonana ndi dokotala wawo wophatikizira kapena wogwira ntchito kuti akonze zazakudya zawo ndikuwunika kuopsa kwa hypoglycemia chifukwa cha kumwa sucralose. Mavuto omwe angakhalepo azaumoyo ndi zotsatira zake Ngakhale kuti sucralose idawunikidwanso kuti itetezedwe ndi owongolera, chitetezo cha sucralose ndi zotsatira zake paumoyo nthawi zambiri zimatsutsana. Makamaka, maphunziro a toxicological omwe amawunika momwe glucose amawongolera, neurotoxicity, ndi carcinogenicity mwa nyama nthawi zambiri amayambitsa malingaliro.

Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti zotsekemera zopanga, kuphatikiza sucralose, zimathandizira kutulutsidwa kwa insulin ndi zolandilira zotsekemera zomwe zimawonetsedwa pama cell a beta a kapamba, makamaka pakalibe shuga. Sucralose yawonetsedwanso kuti imathandizira kutulutsa kwa GLP-1. GLP-1 ndiyofunikira pakukula kwa glucose homeostasis ndipo nthawi zambiri imathandizira katulutsidwe ka insulin ka glucose. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi pambuyo pokumana ndi sucralose kumatha kuyambitsa kukana kwa insulin chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma receptor. Kuwonongeka kwa glucose homeostasis (kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi) komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi vuto la metabolic. Kulephera kuyikanso shuga m'magazi kumasokoneza kuwongolera shuga m'magazi ndipo kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya monga mtundu 2 shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi dyslipidemia. Kuonjezera apo, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a mtima chimawonjezeka kwambiri. Zotsatira pa thanzi la m'matumbo ndi microbiome Sucralose imatengedwa ngati "metabolically inert" chifukwa sichimalowetsedwa koma imatuluka mu chopondapo. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukhala gawo lapansi lamatumbo a microbiome. Komabe, pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kuwonekera kwa sucralose kumatha kusintha m'matumbo athu a microbiota kudzera pakuwonongeka kwa shuga m'magazi kapena kuyankha komwe kungachitike ndi chitetezo chamthupi. Kafukufuku wambiri wa zinyama asonyeza kuti kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi (NNS) kungayambitse matenda a matumbo a microbiome; Anawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya a pathogenic komanso kuchepa kwa mabakiteriya opindulitsa am'matumbo. Komabe, kutulutsa zidziwitso za nyama kwa anthu kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, chifukwa mphamvu zake paumoyo wamunthu ndi matenda zitha kukhala zochepa. Chiyeso chachipatala chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chifufuze zotsatira za nthawi yochepa (masiku 14 kuyembekezera kowuma) kudya kwa sucralose pa glucose metabolism kunafufuzanso zotsatira za kudya mobwerezabwereza tsiku ndi tsiku kwa NNS pa gut microbiota. Kafukufukuyu adawona kuti sucralose sinayambitse kusintha kwakukulu m'matumbo a microbiota olemera kapena osakanikirana. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuyesa kwina kosawerengeka kosasintha kosasintha kunasonyeza kuti zakudya zowonjezera zakudya ndi NNS zingakhudze mphamvu ya microbiome yaumunthu, ndi sucralose kukhala ndi zotsatira zofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti mayesero onse azachipatala adawunikira zotsatira za nthawi yayitali ya NNS supplementation (kuphatikiza sucralose), komanso nthawi yayitali yowonekera ndiyofunika kuti mumvetsetse bwino za thanzi la NNS supplementation pamatumbo amunthu. Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za sucralose ndi NNS zina pamatumbo a munthu ndi gawo la kafukufuku wopitilira.

Magawo amisempha komanso kuwongolera chilakolako cha chakudya Ngakhale sucralose imatengedwa kuti ilibe ma calorie, imalimbikitsa zolandilira kukoma kokoma, imathandizira katulutsidwe ka insulin mu kapamba, ndikuyamba kutsika kwa metabolic komwe kumatengera momwe amadyera. Kupanda kwa glucose, kutulutsa kosalekeza kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kathu kagayidwe kachakudya komanso kagayidwe kake ka ubongo. Zokoma zathu zimanyengedwa kuganiza kuti tikudya shuga weniweni. M'mayesero ophatikizika mwachisawawa, otenga nawo gawo achikazi onenepa kwambiri adawonetsa zochitika zochulukirapo m'magawo aubongo omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuyankha kwa chakudya komanso kukonza mphotho, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ma caloric achuluke potsatira kumwa kwa sucralose. Kafukufukuyu akupereka umboni wokwanira wosonyeza kuti kumwa sucralose ndi zotsekemera zina zopanga kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa zilakolako, kudya kwambiri, komanso kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri.