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- ???? ??? ???
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??????? ????????: ???????? (??????? ??? ????????? ???????), ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ????-?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????
?????????? ????????: ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????
??? ????? ???????/??? ???????:
????????? ????????: ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????
??? ????? ???????: ???????? ??? ??????? ????????????? (
???? ???????: ????? ????? ???? ?????? (?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??-??????)?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???, ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????????
???????: ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? (??? ???????? ???????) ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????????????
- ???????? ??? ??? ???????
???????????:
???: ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????-???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? (????? 320-20000 Da), ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????-???????? ??????? ????
??????????: ?????? ??????? ??????? (>80%), ?? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? pH ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????
????: ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????
???????: ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? (???? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?? pH ?????? ????? ?????????), ???????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????
????: ??????? ???? (????? ??% ????????)?
??? ????? ???????/??? ???????:
???: ?? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????-??-?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????-?,?-???????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????? (DE) ? ???????? ?????:
???? ????? ??????? (HM Pectin, DE>50%): ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? (>55%) ??? ??? pH (~2.8-3.5) ?????? (??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????)?
??? ????? ??????? (LM ???????, DE
??????????: ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? pH ?????? ???????? ????????
????: ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????, ???????? ??? ????? ??????? (LM) ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????
???????: ?????? ??????????? (???????? ???? ????? ???????) ?????????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? (β - ???????? ???????????) ????? ????????
????: ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
- ??????? ??????? (???? ????? ???????????)
??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? (???? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ??????, ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????), ?????? ????? ??? ?????????????? ?????:
?
???????????:
???? ???????????? ??????: ???? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ??????? ????????????? (???????? ??????????????????) ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? (SCFAs) ??????? ????????????
??????? ??? ???????? ??????: ~1 kcal/g?
????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????: ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????
??? ????? ???????/??? ???????:
???? ????????? ??? ???? ???:
???????? ???? ???? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ???? ?????? ???? ??????????????, ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? (????? ????? ???? ???????) ????????? ???? ???????
???????? ????? ?????: ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????
????? ??????: SCFAs (???????? ????????? ?????) ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? (????? ??????? ?????? ????) ???? ????? ????????
????????: ~2 kcal/g (????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????)?
???????? ????????? ???????: ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? (?????? ???????)?
- ????? ?????? ?????????????
???????????:
????? ??????: ???? ?????????, ??? ?????????, ??? ???????? ?????????, ???? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?
???? ????? ???????:
????? ??????? ????? (??? ????????, ????????? ????????): ???????? ???? ???, ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????
????? ?????? (???, ????? ?????): ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? (??????? ?? ????, ??? ????????)?
????? ??????? (????, ??????, ????????): ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???, ???????? ???? ???, ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????
???????? (???, ???????): ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????
???? ??????: ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????
????????? ?????? (?????????, ?????): ????? ????? ?????? ??????
?? ????????, ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????
??? ????? ???????/??? ???????:
????? ??????: ??? ???, ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????????? ?????
????? ??????:
????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????: ??? ????? ??????? (LM ???????) ????? ??? ????????/????? ???????? ??? (?????????? ???? ???? ?????????) ???? ???? ????? ???????
??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????: ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? (???? ????? ?????) ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????
??? ???????? (???????? ?? ????????): ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? (??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????)?
????????????? ??????: ???? ???? ?????????, ???? ??? (??????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ??????) ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? "????????? ????" ??? ???? ?????? ???????
???????????????/?????????? ?????? ????: ???? ???? ??? pH/??? ????? ???? ???????????????? ??????? ???????
????? ??????: ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? (???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???)?