?????? ???????
?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??-????? ??? ???? ??? β - D-????????? ???? (M) ??? α - L-????????? ???? (G) ??? ???? ?? ?? (1 → 4) ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????, ???????????, ?????????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???-???????? ???? ?? ?? 1938 ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? - COO - ????? ??, ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????, - ???? COO - COOH ???? ??? ????? ??, ??? ???????????? ????? ??? ????? ??, ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ????? ??, ??? ??? ????? ????? ??, ??? pH ???? ???? ??? COOH ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??, ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? pH ???????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? Ca2+ ??? Sr2+ ???? ????? ????? ????? ??, ??? G ????? '?? Na+ ???????? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? G ????? ??? ????-????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??, ???? ????? ??, ?? ?????????? ??????, ???????, ??????, ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? '?? ????? ??? ???