Mu ntambara imaze ibinyejana byinshi hagati yubumuntu na kanseri, kamere yamye itanga ibimenyetso kugirango ikemure ikibazo muburyo butunguranye. Mu myaka yashize, monosaccharide isa nkibisanzwe - Mannose - yahindutse isi yose mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse kubera imiterere yihariye yo kurwanya kanseri. Iyi hexose iboneka cyane muri cranberries n'imbuto za citrusi, yavuye ku ruhare rushyigikira mu bijyanye n'imirire igera ku mwanya wa mbere mu bushakashatsi bw’ibibyimba bya metabolisme, igaragaza urwego rushya rw'ibintu by'isukari mu kugenzura ubuzima. Iyi ngingo izasesengura byimazeyo uburyo mannose ivugurura imiterere yubuvuzi bwa kanseri mubice bine: ubushakashatsi bwibanze, uburyo bwibikorwa, guhindura amavuriro hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda.

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Igice cya mbere: Guhindura ubumenyi: Gukanguka Kurwanya Kanseri ya Molekile nziza

1.1 Guhindura Paradigm mubushakashatsi bwa Carbohydrate

Mubitekerezo gakondo, isukari (karubone) imaze igihe kinini ifatwa nk "ifaranga ryingufu" gusa. By'umwihariko glucose, nk'intangiriro y'ibanze yo guhumeka ingirabuzimafatizo, isano iri hagati y’imiterere idasanzwe ya metabolike no gutera kanseri byagaragaye neza. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwashyizwe ahagaragara n’ubushakashatsi bwa Kanseri mu Bwongereza mu kinyamakuru Nature mu 2018 bwongeye kwandika iyi nkuru - itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryemeje ku nshuro ya mbere ko mannose ishobora guhitamo ikwirakwizwa ry’ingirabuzimafatizo za kanseri ibangamira inzira y’isukari y’isukari, kandi ikagira ingaruka nke ku ngingo zisanzwe. Ubu buvumbuzi ntibuhindura gusa imyumvire ivuga ko "isukari yose itera kanseri", ahubwo inakingura urugamba rushya rwo kuvura metabolike.

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1.2 Gukurikirana ibinyabuzima bya Mannose

Nka isomer ya glucose, mannose ikwirakwizwa muburyo bwubuntu kuri epidermis yimbuto nka citrusi na pome muri kamere, cyangwa ikagira uruhare mukubaka ibinyabuzima muburyo bwa glycoproteine. Mu mubiri w'umuntu, mannose ni fosifora kugirango ikore mannose-6-fosifate (M6P), ihinduka molekile nyamukuru yerekana molekile ya lysosomal. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere y’ubuvuzi bwerekanye uburyo bwabwo mu gukumira indwara zanduza inkari: mu guhuza amarushanwa no gufata imiti ya bagiteri itera indwara, ibuza gukoloniza kuri urotelium. Ibi biranga byatumye habaho inyongeramusaruro zinyuranye zimirire zishingiye kuri mannose, ariko kuvumbura ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya kanseri byatumye kwiyongera kwimikorere yibikorwa byayo.

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Igice cya kabiri: Kumenyekanisha ubumenyi: Inshuro eshatu zibabaje Mannose Kurwanya Kanseri

2.1 Gushimuta Metabolic: Kurandura urwego "rutanga isukari" rutanga kanseri ya kanseri

Ingaruka ya Warburg ya selile yibibyimba (iracyashingira kuri glycolysis yingufu ndetse no mubidukikije bikungahaye kuri ogisijeni) ituma glucose ifata inshuro zigera ku icumi zingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe. Itsinda ry’Abongereza ryavumbuye binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya isotope ryerekana ko mannose imaze kwinjira mu ngirabuzimafatizo za kanseri, itangizwa na hexokinase ikora M6P kandi ikegeranya byinshi muri selile. Iyi "pseudo-metabolite" ntabwo ifata gusa imiyoboro itwara glucose (GLUT), ahubwo inarushanwa kugirango ihagarike ibikorwa bya fosogglucose isomerase, bigatuma habaho kutagira abahuza bakomeye muri glycolysis na acide tricarboxylic, amaherezo bikurura ikibazo cyingufu muri selile kanseri (Ishusho 1).

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2.2 Epigenetics: Kuvugurura ibibyimba microen ibidukikije

Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara na kaminuza ya Fudan muri Cell Metabolism mu 2023 bwongeye kwerekana ko mannose ishobora guhindura epigenetike yo mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya kanseri igenga urugero rwa acetylation ya histone. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko muri kanseri ya kanseri yandura ivurwa na mannose, urugero rwa acetylation yo mukarere ka porotokoro ya oncogene MYC iragabanuka, kandi ibikorwa byayo byo kwanduza birabujijwe cyane. Izi ngaruka za epigenetike zigabanya intege nke ziranga ingirabuzimafatizo yibibyimba, bigatanga ibitekerezo byerekana iterambere ryimiti ihuriweho.

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2.3 Gukoresha Immune: Gukuraho "Umwenda utagaragara" wa PD-L1

Ndetse ikindi cyangiza ni uko itsinda rimwe ryavumbuye ko mannose ishobora kwibasira uburyo bwo guhunga ikibyimba. Binyuze mu isesengura rusange rya sprometrometrique, abashakashatsi bemeje ko mannose ibangamira igabanuka ryukuri hamwe na membrane ya poroteyine ya PD-L1 ibangamira ihinduka ryayo rya N-glycosylation. Poroteyine ya PD-L1, itakaza "umutaka urinda" urunigi rw'isukari, birashoboka cyane ko iba hose kandi ikangirika, bityo ikuraho ibimenyetso bibuza ingirabuzimafatizo T. Muri moderi yimbeba ya melanoma, guhuza antibody ya mannose na anti-PD-1 byongereye umuvuduko wo kubyimba kugera kuri 78%, birenze kure iy'ubuvuzi bumwe (Ishusho 2).

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Igice cya gatatu: Kuva muri Laboratoire kugeza Ivuriro: Inzira Yambere yubuvuzi bwubuhinduzi

3.1 Intambwe yubushakashatsi bwibanze

Mu bushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa nyinshi, mannose yerekanye uburyo bwagutse bwo kurwanya kanseri. Itsinda ry’Abongereza ryatabaye imbeba y’icyitegererezo ya kanseri y’urwagashya hamwe na 20% y’amazi yo kunywa ya mannose isanga ubwiyongere bw’ibibyimba bwatinze kugera kuri 40%, kandi nta mwijima w’umwijima cyangwa impyiko uhari. Ndetse birashimishije cyane, iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe na gemcitabine, igihe cyo kubaho kwimbeba cyongerewe inshuro 2,3, byerekana agaciro ka chimiotherapie. Ubushakashatsi bwigenga bwemewe mu kigo cya kanseri ya MD Anderson muri Amerika bwerekanye ko mannose igira ingaruka nziza ku bwoko bwa kanseri yangiritse nka kanseri y'ibere inshuro eshatu na glioblastoma.

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3.2 Ubushakashatsi bwitondewe bwubushakashatsi bwabantu

Nubwo amakuru ashimishije, ibigeragezo byabantu bihura nibibazo bidasanzwe. Ikizamini cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere (NCT05220739) cyatangiye mu 2022 nicyo cyambere mu gusuzuma umutekano wa mannose yo mu kanwa ku barwayi bafite ibibyimba bikomeye. Amakuru abanza yerekana ko abarwayi bo mumatsinda ya 5g ya buri munsi bafite kwihanganira neza, kandi ibibyimba bizunguruka ADN (ctDNA) byagabanutse cyane. Ariko, mugihe ikinini cyazamutse kigera kuri 10g, abagera kuri 15% byabarwayi barwaye impiswi yoroheje, byerekana ko ari ngombwa kunoza uburyo bwo kunywa.

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3.3 Inzitizi za tekiniki zibangamira inganda

Nubwo mannose isanzwe ikururwa ifite umutekano, bisaba urugero rwinshi cyane kugirango igere ku kurwanya anti-kanseri (bihwanye no kurya ibiro 5 bya cranberries buri munsi), ibyo bikaba byarateje udushya mu ikoranabuhanga muri biyolojiya y’ibinyabuzima. Kugeza ubu, Escherichia coli yakozwe na genetique irashobora kongera umusaruro wa mannose inshuro 20, mugihe catisale ya enzyme yimisemburo igabanya ibiciro byumusaruro ukagera munsi y $ 50 kuri kilo. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya nano-liposome irashobora kongera imikorere yo kubyara ibibyimba bigera kuri 80%, bikuraho inzira yo guhindura ivuriro.

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Igice cya kane Impaka no Gutekereza: Ibitekerezo bikonje muri Carnival ya siyanse

4.1 "Inkota y'amaharakubiri" Ingaruka zo gutabarana

Birakwiye ko tumenya ko mannose atari umuti. Uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe twa kanseri dutwara ihindagurika rya mannose fosifate isomerase (PMI) irashobora guhindura mannose-6-fosifate muri fructose-6-fosifate, ahubwo ikongerera umuvuduko wa glycolique. Iki kibazo cyo "guhunga metabolike" cyagaragaye hafi 7% by'icyitegererezo cya kanseri yibara, byerekana ko hakenewe gushyirwaho ibimenyetso byihariye byo gusuzuma.

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4.2 Kamere fe Umutekano: Ubuhanga bwo Kugenzura Ingano

Nubwo mannose yemerewe gukoreshwa mubiribwa nkibintu bya GRAS (Mubisanzwe bizwi nkumutekano), uburozi bwigihe kirekire kumiti irwanya kanseri buracyakenewe gufatanwa uburemere. Ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa bwerekanye ko gufata cyane urugero rwinshi bishobora gutera indwara zo mu nda, hamwe na bagiteri zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na virusi (nka Klebsiella) ziyongera inshuro icumi. Ibi birasaba ko ubushakashatsi buzaza bugomba kuringaniza imiti ivura mikorobe ya homeostasis.

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4.3 Umukino uri hagati yubucuruzi nubumenyi bushyize mu gaciro

Hamwe n'igitekerezo cya "anti-kanseri isukari" kimaze kumenyekana, abacuruzi bamwe bakabije ingaruka zo kuvura ibikomoka ku buzima bwa mannose. FDA yo muri Amerika yahaye amabaruwa yo kuburira ibigo bitatu kubera kuzamura mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko, ishimangira ko "inyongeramusaruro idashobora gusimbuza imiti." Abahanga barasaba ko hashyirwaho urutonde rwabazungu kugirango bagenzure ikirango nogucuruza ibicuruzwa birimo mannose.

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Umwanzuro: Ishusho yigihe kizaza ya revolution nziza

Urugendo rwo kurwanya kanseri ya mannose ntabwo ari uguhura neza nimpano za kamere nubwenge bwabantu, ahubwo ni icyitegererezo cyo guhanga udushya. Kuva kuri porogaramu ya metabolike kugeza kuvugurura ibidukikije bikingira umubiri, kuva muri laboratoire ya laboratoire kugeza ku nganda zimiti, iyi "revolution nziza" yandika igitabo cyemewe cyo kuvura kanseri. Nubwo hakiri ibibazo byinshi biri imbere, birashoboka ko ibisekuru bizaza byimiti ya glyco ishingiye kuri mannose bishobora gutangiza ibihe bishya byo kurwanya kanseri. Nkuko Kamere yabivuze: "Iyo siyanse yabyinaga na kamere, inzogera y'imperuka ya kanseri iba imaze kuvuza."

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