Mu myaka yashize, kwiyiriza ubusa byabaye ikintu gishya gikundwa n’abahanga mu bya siyansi, kwiyiriza ubusa byagaragaye ko bigabanya ibiro kandi bikongerera igihe cy’inyamaswa, mu byukuri, ubushakashatsi bwiyongera bugaragaza ko kwiyiriza ubusa bifite akamaro kanini ku buzima, kuzamura ubuzima bw’imikorere, kwirinda cyangwa gutinda indwara ziterwa no gusaza, ndetse bikadindiza imikurire y’ibibyimba.
Kwiyiriza ubusa rimwe na rimwe, kimwe no kubuza kalori, byagaragaye ko byongerera igihe ubuzima n'ubuzima bwiza bw'inyamaswa ntangarugero nk'umusemburo, nematode, isazi z'imbuto, n'imbeba. Mu bantu, kwiyiriza ubusa rimwe na rimwe no kumara igihe kirekire, kimwe no guhagarika kalori ikomeza, bigira ingaruka nziza kubintu byinshi bifitanye isano nubuzima bishobora kuba bifite ishingiro rusange, kandi hari ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko autofagy ihuza izo ngaruka.

Byongeye kandi, spermidine (SPD) nayo yagiye ifitanye isano na autophagy yongerewe imbaraga, kurwanya gusaza, no kugabanya indwara zifata umutima-mitsi na neurodegenerative zitandukanye ku moko.

Ku ya 8 Kanama 2024, Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Graz muri Otirishiya, Sorbonne i Paris na kaminuza ya Kirete mu Bugereki basohoye urupapuro rwiswe "Spermidine ni ngombwa mu kwiyiriza ubusa autofagy" mu kinyamakuru Nature Cell Biology no kuramba ".

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko spermidine ikenewe kugirango autophagy yihuse kandi irambe, kandi ko kuzamura ubuzima no kubaho igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa mu moko menshi biterwa ahanini na spermidine iterwa na eIF5A-hypusination ihinduka hanyuma ikinjizwa na autofagy.

Mu nyamaswa z’inyamabere, kugabanuka kwimyaka bijyanye na autophagy flux bitera kwirundanya kwa poroteyine hamwe ningirabuzimafatizo zidakora neza, ndetse no kunanirwa kwanduza indwara no kongera umuriro.

Kubuza autofagy kurwego rwa genetike byihutishije gusaza mu mbeba. Gutakaza ihindagurika ryimikorere muri gen igenga cyangwa ikora autofagy byafitanye isano cyane nindwara zifata umutima, indwara zandura, indwara zifata ubwonko, hamwe na metabolic, musculoskeletal, ijisho, nibihaha, inyinshi murizo zisa gusaza imburagihe. Ibinyuranye, gutera imbaraga za autophagy kurwego rwa genetike bitera kuramba no kuramba neza mubikoko byintangarugero, harimo isazi zimbuto nimbeba.

Usibye kwifashisha imirire, gukoresha spermidine ya polyamine karemano ku nyamaswa ntangarugero nk'umusemburo, nematode, isazi z'imbuto, n'imbeba nubundi buryo bwo kwagura ubuzima muburyo bushingiye kuri autofagy. Byongeye kandi, spermidine irashobora kugarura autophagy flux mu kuzenguruka lymphocytes ku bageze mu za bukuru, ibyo bikaba bihuye n’ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kwiyongera kwa spermidine y’imirire bifitanye isano no kugabanya impfu muri rusange mu bantu.

Spermidine ni ubwoko bwa polyamine karemano ibaho cyane mubinyabuzima. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko spermidine igira ingaruka zubumaji kandi zikomeye zo kurwanya gusaza.

Rero, kwiyiriza ubusa, kubuza kalori, na spermidine byongerera igihe cyinyamanswa ntangarugero kandi bigakora phylogeneque yabitswe, autophagy biterwa no kurinda ubusaza. Muri ubu bushakashatsi buheruka, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryongeye gukora ubushakashatsi niba ingaruka zo gukingira indwara ziterwa no kwiyiriza ubusa rimwe na rimwe zifitanye isano cyangwa ziterwa na spermidine.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko urugero rwa spermidine rwiyongereye mu musemburo, isazi zimbuto, imbeba n’abantu muburyo butandukanye bwo kwiyiriza ubusa cyangwa kalori. Imirasire cyangwa imiti ibuza intangangore ya spermidine kugabanya kugabanya autofagy iterwa vuba mumisemburo, nematode, na selile zabantu.

Byongeye kandi, kubangamira inzira ya polyamine mu mubiri birashobora gukuraho ingaruka ndende zo kwiyiriza ubusa kuramba no kubaho neza, ndetse ningaruka zo gukingira igisibo kumutima n'ingaruka zo kurwanya arthrite.

Muburyo bwa tekinike, spermidine ihuza izi ngaruka itera autophagy na hypusination ya eukaryotic yo gutangiza eIF5A. Polyamine-Hypusination axis ni phylogenetike yabitswe na metabolike igenga ihuriro ryihuse ryihuse rya autofagy no kwagura ubuzima.

Muri rusange, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kunoza igisibo ku kuramba no kubaho ubuzima bwiza mu moko menshi biterwa ahanini na spermidine iterwa na eIF5A-hypusination ihinduka ndetse no kwinjiza autofagy.