Mannose na glucose, nubwo bifite formula imwe (C ? H ?? O ?), byombi ni aldose kandi ni C-2 isomers (ni ukuvuga icyerekezo cyitsinda rya hydroxyl kuri atome ya kabiri ya karubone iratandukanye), ariko inzira za metabolike ninshingano za physiologique ziratandukanye cyane. Ibikurikira biratanga igereranya rirambuye kubitandukanya ryabo muburyo butandukanye:

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1. Kwinjira mu mara

Glucose:

Kwinjiza neza: Itwarwa cyane na SGLT1 (sodium glucose cotransporter 1) mumyanya mito mito yo munda. Igipimo cyo kwinjiza kiri hejuru cyane (> 95%), gishobora kwinjira vuba mumaraso no kuzamura isukari yamaraso.

Biterwa na sodium ion gradient. ?

Mannose:

Kwinjiza neza: cyane binyuze muburyo bworoshye bwo gukwirakwiza (birashoboka ko harimo GLUT5 itwara umuryango nka GLUT5 cyangwa imiyoboro isa). Igipimo cyo kwinjirira kiri hasi cyane (hafi 10-20%), kandi mannose hafi ya yose itabitswe yinjira mu mara kandi igasemburwa na bagiteri zo munda cyangwa igasohoka hamwe numwanda.

2. Injira mumaraso

Glucose:

Nyuma yo kwinjizwa, yinjira mu buryo butaziguye imiyoboro y'amaraso, bigatuma ubwiyongere bw'isukari mu maraso bwiyongera.

Mannose:

Umubare winjiza ni muke, kandi kwibumbira hamwe kwa mannose mumaraso ni bike cyane (ubusanzwe plasma yo kwiyiriza ubusa ni nka 50 μ mol / L, munsi ya 4-6 mmol / L ya glucose). Gutanga umunwa wa mannose ntabwo bitera ihindagurika rikomeye murwego rwisukari yamaraso.

3. Intambwe yambere yo gufata tissue na metabolism

Glucose:

Insuline iterwa: gufata imitsi na adipose tissue ya glucose biterwa cyane na signal ya insuline (binyuze mumutwara GLUT4).

Hexokinase / Glucokinase: Nyuma yo kwinjira mu ngirabuzimafatizo, iba fosifora na hexokinase (HK) (tissue sisitemu) cyangwa glucokinase (GK) (umwijima) kugeza glucose-6-fosifate (G6P). Nibyingenzi hub molekile ya sukari metabolism.

Mannose:

Ntabwo biterwa na insuline: Kwakira imyenda ntibiterwa na insuline.

Mannokinase (MK): Ifite ahanini fosifora na mannokinase mu mwijima (hamwe n'uduce duto mu zindi ngingo nk'impyiko) kugeza kuri mannose-6-fosifate (Umuntu-6-P). Nibipimo byingenzi bigabanya intambwe muri mannose metabolism.

Fosphomannose isomerase (PMI): Umuntu-6-P ahindurwamo fructose-6-fosifate (F6P) na fosifomannose isomerase. F6P nigicuruzwa giciriritse cyinzira ya glycolysis.

4. Inzira nyamukuru

Glucose:

Ingufu za Glycolysis: G6P irashobora kwinjira munzira ya glycolysis kugirango itange ingufu (ATP).

Glycogene synthesis: Synthesis hamwe nububiko bwa glycogene mumwijima n'imitsi.

Inzira ya pentose ya fosifate: itanga NADPH na ribose-5-fosifate (ikoreshwa mukugabanya biosynthesis na synthesis ya nucleotide).

Guhindura ibinure: Iyo ibirenze bihari, bihinduka ibinure.

Mannose:

Guhindura abahuza glycolytike: Nyuma ya PMI ihindutse kuri F6P, irashobora kwinjira munzira ya glycolitike (igice cyanyuma gishobora guhinduka glucose cyangwa okiside rwose kugirango itange ingufu).

Glycosylation precursor: Igikorwa cyayo nyamukuru nugukora nkitsinda ryintangiriro yisukari yo guhuza N-ihuza iminyururu! Umuntu-6-P arashobora guhindurwa muri mannose ya GDP muri vivo, nkumuterankunga utaziguye wibisigazwa bya mannose muri glycoproteine na glycolipide.

Glycosylation: Mannose nigice cyingenzi cyurunigi rwa oligosaccharide muri proteine N ihuza glycosylation ihinduka (nka Man ? GlcNAc ?). Ubu buryo bubaho muri endoplasmic reticulum hamwe na aparike ya Golgi, kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu kuzunguruka poroteyine, gutuza, kwihererana, no gukora (nka antibodies, reseptor hormone, na molekile zifata selile).

Guhindura glucose / glycogene: Imikorere ni mike, kandi inzira zimwe na zimwe za F6P zisubira inyuma glycolysis zitanga G6P, hanyuma igahinduka glucose cyangwa glycogene, ariko umusanzu ni muto.

5. Ingaruka kumaraso glucose na insuline

Glucose:

Kuzamura cyane isukari yamaraso: nisoko nyamukuru yisukari yamaraso.

Gukangura cyane gusohora kwa insuline: Uturemangingo twa beta pancreatic beta twumva mu buryo butaziguye kwiyongera kw'isukari mu maraso no gusohora insuline.

Mannose:

Hafi ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumasukari yamaraso: ikurura bike, metabolize idatanga glucose, kandi ntabwo yishingikiriza kuri insuline.

Kudatera insuline gusohora: kubura ibimenyetso bifatika byamaraso glucose.

6. Itandukaniro ryibanze mumikorere ya physiologique

Glucose:

Imikorere yibanze: Isoko nyamukuru yingufu zihuse (cyane cyane ubwonko, imitsi, na selile yamaraso itukura), kubungabunga isukari yamaraso homeostasis.

Mannose:

Imikorere yibanze: Ikintu cyingenzi kibanziriza glycosylation biosynthesis, gishyigikira imiterere nimirimo ya glycoproteine na glycolipide (kumenyekanisha selile, kwanduza ibimenyetso, ubudahangarwa, kuzinga poroteyine, nibindi).

Igikorwa cya kabiri: Irinde kwandura kwinkari (muguhagarika bagiteri).

7. Amavuriro atandukanye

Glucose:

Kongera ingufu (infusion), kuvura hypoglycemic, ikizamini cyo kwihanganira glucose.

Mannose:

Kwirinda kwandura kwinkari zinkari (cyane cyane byibasiye Escherichia coli) no kuvura indwara zidasanzwe zidasanzwe za glycosylation (nka CDG Ib MPI ibura).