???????????? - ????? ????? "?????? ??????? ???? ??????"
???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????, ?????, ???? ????, ????? ?? ?????????, ??????????, ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????????, ?? ???? ??????????????. [1] ???????, ???? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????. 1848 ???? ???? ????? ??, ?????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???, 1952 ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ????.
???????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? 60-70% ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? 0.21 ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? [3], ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????, ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????? ????. [4] ??? ?????? ????, ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????.
?? ?? ???, ???????????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???, ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????, ??????, ?????????, ????????, ???????????, ???????, ???????, ????????, ????????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? 60 ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??. ?? ??? ????, ?????????, ??????, ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????.
?? ?????, ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??:
?????, ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???, ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???, ???? ????? ???????? ????? "??? ???" ?????? ???, [5] ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????.
??????, ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ??, ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? 90% ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????? 10% ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????. [4] ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ????.
??????, ??? ??????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???????????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????, ???????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ??? ????????, ??? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??.
- ??? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????, ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??. ???????????? ?? ??????? ???? -97.4J/g ??. ??? ??????? ???? ????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??. [6]
???? ???????, ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??. ???????????, ??? ?????? ???????? (WHO), ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? (FDA), ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? (EFSA) ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???, ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? (AND) ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??.
???? ???????, ????????? ???? ??????? "????" ????? ? ??.
????????? ???, ????????? ??? ?????, ???, ????? ????, ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????.
???? ?????, ????????? "???????? ????????????" ????? ??? ??????? ????: ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???????????, ?? ????????????? "?????????" ????. ?? ?????, ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????, ?? "??????" ???? ???, ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????.
?? ??????, ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? "????????? ?? ?????? ???????" ?? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????.
?????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????, "?????? ?????" ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???.