??????? E (??????????)?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? (FAO) ?? ??? ?????? ???????? (WHO) (INS ????: E307-309) ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? , ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? 2024 ???? ??? ????, ??????? E ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? 2.36 ??, ???????? ??????? ????? ???? 8.7% ?? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ????:

• ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????:???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????????, ????? ????, ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? 30% ??? 50% ????? ????? ?? ?????.
• ???? ???????? ?????:???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????, ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??.
• ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????:"???????? ?????" ??????????? ??????? (????????? ???, ?????? ????????????????? 77% ?? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????).

???? ?????, ???????? ????? ???? (UPF) ???????????? ???, ??????? E ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ???? ?? ????.

???????? ?????????: ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????

(1) ???????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????

• ???????? ????????????? ???????:??????? E ??? ????? ?? ???????????????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????? (???????? ???, ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? 62% ???? ??? ???).
• ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????:
  • ????????? ??????? (???? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????) ??? ?????? (???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???), ????? ??? ??? ????????? 20% ??????.
  • ???????? ???????? (dl-α -??????????) ?????????? 75% ?? ??????? ????. ????? ??????? (n-???????? ????) ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????.

(2) ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????

???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? (mg/kg) ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? 50-200 ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? 100-500 ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? 30-100 ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? 200-400 ???????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????

?????? ??????: ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????

(1) ?????? ???????????? ????????

• ?????, "GB 14880-2012" ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? 200mg/kg ??? ???? ?? ??? ???, ??????? ????? ??? ?? 300mg/kg ????? ?????? ?? ??.
• ??????? ?????????: 2023 ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? E ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? 37% ???? ???? ????.

(2) ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????

?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? 1,000 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ?????:

• "??????? E ????? ??? = ?????? ???????" ?? ????????????????? 68% ?? ??????? ????.
• ????? ?????? ??? ????? (1000mg) ??? ??? ?????? 12% ?? ????.
• 41% ?? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????.

?????????? ??????: ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????

(1) ???????? ???????? ?????

• ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????:??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? Ph-????????? ????? ??????? E ?????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????.
• ??? ???????? ??????:??????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? E ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? 40% ???? ??? ??.

(2) ?????? ?????

• ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???: "???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??."
• ????? FDA ?????? ?????? ??????: "??????? E ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????."

??????

??????? E, ???? ???? ??????????? ???, ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???, ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ????. "??? ???? ????? ?????" ?? "??????? ?????? ?????" ??? ????????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??.