? ????? ??????:

????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???: ???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ?????????, ???????????, ???-??????? ?????????? (UHT), ???????, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? (???????????? ≤ 180 ° C) ?????? ??.

??????????? ?????????: ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????.

??????????????? ???? ??? ?????: ??? ???????? ???, ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????????? (????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????) ????? ?????? ???????? ???.

????? ?? ????????????: ??? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? (???? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????????), ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? (??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???).

?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????:

??? ??????? ??????????:

???????????? 160°C ?? 180°C ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????. ?? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??.

?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????????? (UHT, 135-150 ° C, ????? ???????? ????) ??????? ??? ???? ??? (???????????? ≤ 121 ° C) ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????.

?????? ?????????????? (???? ???????? ???????????? 160-190 ° C), ???? ???? ???? ???? ???, ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????.

???????? ??????????:

??? ????? ???????: ??????????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? (???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????) ????? ?? ??? ???, ????????? ?????????????? (???? ?????????/?????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????) ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????. ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????.

???????? ??????? ?????: ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ? ??? ??? ???????????? ??.

???? ???????? (??????? ????):

?????: ???????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? (????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????), ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???, ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???.

???????????????/????????????: ???????? ??? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????, ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ???, ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ????.

????????????? ???????????????: ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ???? (?????? ????), ????????????? (???????????????? ????) ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????.

?? (????????????? ????) ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????:

????? ????> 200 ° C/???? ????? ????: ???? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ??? ??????? (???? ???? ????) ??? ??? ?????????? (200 ° C ? ????) ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???, ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????.

?????? ?????/?????? ?????+??? ????????: ?????? pH ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? pH ????? (?????? ???? pH12 ????) ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??.

?? ???????:

????? ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????, ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????. ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????, ??? ???? (UHT ????, ?????????? ?? ??? ??????), ???? ?? ?????, ??????, ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????. ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????.

?

??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? (???? ?????, ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????, ???? ?? ???? ????) ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???, ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???.