????????????, ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????, ?????????, ??????, ????????????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??.
- ????????? ?? ????
????????????:
????? ?????????: ???????? (??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????), ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????.
????????? ???? ???????: ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????.
??? ??? ????????/???? ????????:
????????? ?????????: ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????.
??? ??? ????????: ???????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ???????? (
???? ????????: ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? (??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????) ??? ????? ??. ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????, ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????.
???????????: ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??? ???????? (??? ???????? ????????) ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????.
- ??????? ??????? ?? ??????
????????????:
???????: ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? (320-20000 Da ???) ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??.
????????????: ???? ??? ????????? (>80%), ??? ??????????????????? ????, ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????. ?????????????? pH ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???.
????: ???? ????????? ???. ??? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????.
?????????: ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? (??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? pH ??????? ??????????), ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????.
???? ??: ????? ???? ???? (????????? ????? 10% ?? ???).
??? ??? ????????/???? ????????:
???????: ??????? ?????? ?????-1,4-???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????-??-?????????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????. ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? (DE) ??? ?:
??? ????? ???????? (HM ????????, DE>50%): ??? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ???? (?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????????) ?????? ??? ???? (>55%) ?? ??? pH ??? (~2.8-3.5) ?????? ??.
??? ????? ???????? (LM ????????, DE
????????????: ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? pH ??? ?????????????? ???? ?????.
????: ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????, ????????? ??? ??? ???????? (LM) ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??.
?????????: ?????? ??????? ???? (????????? ??? ????? ????????) ???????? ?????? ??, ????? ??? ????????, ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? (β - ????? ?????? ??????????????) ??????? ??? ???.
?????? ??: ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????.
- ????? ??????????????? (?????? ????? ?????????????)
??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? (??????? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?????, ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ?????), ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??:
?
????????????:
???????? ????????????? ?????: ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????, ???? ??? ??? ???? (SCFAs) ??????? ???? ????? ????????????? (????????? ????????????????) ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???.
??? ??? ????? ????????: ~1 kcal/g.
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????: ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????.
??? ??? ????????/???? ????????:
??? ??????????????? ?? ???? ??????:
??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???, ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????????? (??? ???? ??? ????????) ????? ????? ???? ????.
???? ????????? ???????: ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????.
????? ??????: SCFAs (????????? ?????????? ?????) ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???, ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????????? (???? ???????? ??? ????) ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????.
?????:~2 kcal/g (????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????).
???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????: ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? (??????? ??????? ??????).
- ??????? ?????? ????????
????????????:
????? ????: ??? ????????????, ??? ???????????????, ??? ????? ????????, ??? ?????????, ?????? ???.
????? ?????? ??:
????? ?????? ??? ???? (??? ?????, ??????? ???): ???????? ??? ?? ????, ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???.
???? ???????? (?????, ???? ??? ????): ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? (???? ?? ???, ??? ??????????).
???? ?? ????? (????, ??????, ?????????): ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????, ?????? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??????? ????, ?? ????? ?????.
?????? (?????, ??????): ???????? ?? ????????????? ??? ?????? ????.
??? ????????: ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????.
?????? ???????? (?????????, ????): ????? ????? ?????? ???.
??? ?????, ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????.
??? ??? ????????/???? ????????:
????? ????: ???? ????, ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????.
??????? ??????:
????, ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????????: ??? ??? ???????? (LM ????????) ??? ??? ??????/?????? ???? ???? ???? (????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????) ????? ????? ???????.
????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????: ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? (???? ??? ???????) ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????.
???? ?????? (????????? ?????? ??????): ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? (???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??).
?????? ???? ????????: ??? ??? ???????????????, ???? ?????? (????????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ????) ?????? ?????. ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? "????????? ??????" ?????? ???? ?????????? ????.
???????????/????? ???? ?????? ?????: ??? ???? ?? pH/??? ??? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?????.
??? ?????: ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? (??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??).