???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??????:

1, ????? ??????? ????????
????????? ?? ???????

????????????: ???????? ???? ??????????? (?????/?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??), ????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??.
???????????: ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? (??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??).
??????? ?? ??????

???????????:
? ????: ????? ?????? ???? (FDA, EFSA, ????) ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????.
?? ??????: 2023 ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? (????????? ?????? ?? ?????).
???????????:
?? ??????: 2023 ??, ?? WHO ?? ????????? IARC ?????? 2B ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? (???? ?????? ????????? ?????), ????? ?? ????? ADI ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????.
?? ?????: ????????????????? (PKU) ??? ?????? (??????????? ??????) ?????? ???? ?????.
2、 ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????
??? ???????????? ???????????
????? ???????? 0.24 kcal/g (???????? ?????) 4 kcal/g (????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????, ???? ??????? ????? 0 ?? ???????)
?????????? ?????? (GI) 0 (??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???) 0 (??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???)
???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????/????? (??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????) ??? ?? ?????.
?????????? ??????: ???? ???????? ??? ??????? → ??????? ??? ????? ????? (90% ?????????? ????), ????? ??? ???????????/??????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? (?????? ?????? ?????? ??)
3, ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????
???? ?? ?? ???

???????????:
????????? ?? ???? ?? ≈ 60-70%, ?????????? ??? (?????????? ?????) ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???.
????: ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ????? (????????? ???? 1:1 ??????).
???????????:
???? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ≈ 200 ??????, ???? ?????????????? ???? ???? ??.
?????: ????? ????/????? ??? ???, ??? ??????????? (> 150 ℃) ??????? (?????? ???? ?????? ????).
?????? ??????

????????????: ???? ?? ?????, ??????, ??? ????, ????????.
???????????: ?????? ???, ???? ???? ????, ?????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? (??? ???????? ???????).
4, ????? ????????? ???? ???
??????? ???????????? ???????????
????????? ?????? ? ????????? (???? ???????) ? ????????? (???? ???????)
??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? (?????? ??????) ? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????
????????????????? (PKU) ? ????????? ?? ????????????? ?????
?????/?????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? (????? ??????????)
5, ????????? ???? ?????? ???????
???????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????:
???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????: ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????.
??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??: ??? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? 1:1 ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????.
??????? ????? ?????? ?????: ?????? ???? ????? ???, PKU ???????? ???.
??????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????:
????? ????? ?????: ???????? ???????? ?????? (???? ??????? 1 ≈ 200), ???? ????? ?????? ??.
??? ?????? ?????????: ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? (???????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????).
?????? ????????: ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???, ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ????.
???? ????? ???? ??????:
?????? ??????? ???????? ??????: ?????? ???? ????, ??? ???????? ???? ?????? (???????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??).
??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????: ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? (???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????).
?????? ??????????: ???????????? ???? ?? ????? (????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??).
PKU ??????/????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??: ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????.