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?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????. ??????????, ???? ????? ??? ??????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ???-????? ????????????? ???? ??? ???? (??? ????) ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??. ????, ?? 98% ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???. ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? 600 ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????. ????? ????????? ????, ??????????, ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??. ?????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????: ???? ?? ?????, ??? ????, ????????, ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????????????? ???, ?????????? ??? ?????????? "???? ????" ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??. ???????, ?????????? ????? ??/?? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ????????? (?????????) ????????????? ?????. ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? 1991 ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???, ???? 1993 ?? ?????????????? ?? 1996 ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???. 1998 ??, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? (FDA) ???? ?? ??? ????? 15 ? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???, 1999 ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????. 2004 ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???. FDA ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????. ?????? ????, ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????. FDA ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????, ?????????????? (?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?. FDA ??????????? ????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? (ADI) ????? ????? ???? ?? 5 mg/kg (mg/kg/day) ??? ???? ??. ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????.

??? ???? ???? ???, ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? (?? ?????? 1 ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? 4.2 ?? ??? ????? 16 ?? ????? ??) ????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????, ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????.

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?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? (6). ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????, FDA ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? 2 ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????. ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? 2 ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? (HbA1c ??????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????) ??? ???????? ???? ????. ???????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????, ???? ???? ??????? ????, ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??. ?????????, ????? ??? ???????? ???????, ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????.

???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????, ????????? ???????? ?????? ???. ?????????? GLP-1 ??????? ??? ??? ?? ? ?????? ?? ??. ???????? ????????????? ???? GLP-1 ?????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ????????-??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????. ?????? ???, ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???. ?????? ???????? ????????????? (??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????) ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??. ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????, ???????? ?? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??. ?? ?????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??. ?????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? "?????????? ?????? ??????????" ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ???? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????????????-??????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (NNS) ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????; ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??. ???? ?????, ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????, ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ????? (??? 14 ????? ????????) ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????? NNS ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???. ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???. ????? ???, ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? NNS ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? NNS ???????? (?????????? ??????) ?????? ??????? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ????????????? NNS ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????. ?????????? ?? ??????? NNS ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????.

?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????, ?? ?????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????, ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????. ???????? ?????? ???, ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????????? ???????? ?? ???, ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???. ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????.