Mannose uye glucose, kunyange zvazvo iine imwechete molecular formula (C ? H ?? O ?), zvose zviri aldoses uye C-2 isomers (kureva kuti kutungamira kweboka rehydroxyl pachipiri kabhoni atomu yakasiyana), asi nzira dzavo dzemetabolism uye physiological mabasa akasiyana zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinotevera zvinopa kuenzanisa kwakadzama kwekusiyana kwavo kwemetabolism kubva kune akawanda maonero:

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1. Kutorwa kwemudumbu

Glucose:

Kubata kunoshanda: Inonyanya kutakurwa neSGLT1 (sodium glucose cotransporter 1) mudiki intestinal epithelial masero. Chiyero chekunyura chakanyanya kukwirira (> 95%), iyo inogona kukurumidza kupinda muropa nekusimudza shuga yeropa.

Zvinoenderana nesodium ion gradient. ,

Mannose:

Kunyura kusingashande: kunyanya kuburikidza nekufambiswa kwakafambiswa (zvichida zvinosanganisira vatakuri vemhuri veGLUT vakaita seGLUT5 kana nzira dzakafanana). Kusvetwa kwacho kwakadzikira kwazvo (kunenge 10-20%), uye zhinji yemannose isina kubatwa inopinda mucolon uye inoviriswa nemabhakitiriya emudumbu kana kuburitswa netsvina.

2. Pinda muropa

Glucose:

Mushure mekutora, inopinda zvakananga muvhavha yevhavha yekufambisa, zvichiita kuti kukurumidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehuga hweropa.

Mannose:

Kutorwa kwehuwandu hwakaderera, uye huwandu hwemannose muropa hwakanyanya kuderera (yakajairika yekutsanya plasma concentration inenge 50 μ mol / L, yakaderera kupfuura 4-6 mmol / L yeglucose). Oral administration yemannose haikonzeri kuchinja kukuru kwemazinga eshuga yeropa.

3. Matanho ekutanga ekutorwa kwetishu uye metabolism

Glucose:

Insulin inotsamira: tsandanyama uye adipose tissue uptake yeglucose inoenderana zvakanyanya ne insulin kusaina (kuburikidza neGLUT4 transporter).

Hexokinase / Glucokinase: Mushure mekupinda mumasero, inonzi phosphorylated ne hexokinase (HK) (systemic tissue) kana glucokinase (GK) (chiropa) kune glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Iyi ndiyo yakakosha hub molecule ye shuga metabolism.

Mannose:

Haisi kutsamira pa insulin: Kutora matishu hakubvi pane insulin.

Mannokinase (MK): Inonyanya phosphorylated nemannokinase muchiropa (ine zvishoma mune mamwe matukisi akadai seitsvo) kune mannose-6-phosphate (Man-6-P). Ichi ndicho chiyero chakakosha chekudzikamisa nhanho mune mannose metabolism.

Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI): Man-6-P inoshandurwa kuita fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) ne phosphomannose isomerase. F6P chigadzirwa chepakati cheiyo glycolysis nzira.

4. Main metabolic nzira

Glucose:

Glycolysis simba rekupa: G6P inogona kupinda glycolysis nzira yekubudisa simba (ATP).

Glycogen synthesis: Kuumbwa uye kuchengetwa kweglycogen muchiropa uye tsandanyama.

Iyo pentose phosphate nzira: inogadzira NADPH uye ribose-5-phosphate (inoshandiswa kuderedza biosynthesis uye nucleotide synthesis).

Fat synthesis: Kana yakawandisa iripo, inoshandurwa kuita mafuta.

Mannose:

Shanduko kuva glycolytic intermediates: Mushure mePMI kutendeuka kuF6P, inogona kupinda munzira ye glycolytic (chikamu chekupedzisira chinogona kuchinjwa kuva glucose kana kuti zvachose oxidized nokuda kwekupa simba).

Glycosylation precursor: Basa rayo guru nderekushanda seboka rekutanga shuga rekubatanidza N-yakabatana shuga cheni! Man-6-P inogona kushandurwazve kuita GDP mannose in vivo, ichishanda semupi wakananga wezvisaririra zvemannose mu glycoproteins uye glycolipids.

Glycosylation: Mannose chinhu chakakosha cheiyo core oligosaccharide chain muprotein N-yakabatanidzwa glycosylation modification (yakadai seMan ? GlcNAc ?). Iyi nzira inoitika mu endoplasmic reticulum neGolgi apparatus, uye yakakosha pakupeta mapuroteni, kugadzikana, kugarisana, uye kushanda (senge masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, mahomoni receptors, uye mamorekuru adhesion).

Shanduko kuglucose/glycogen: Kushanda kwacho kwakadzikira, uye dzimwe F6P reversible glycolysis pathways dzinobudisa G6P, iyo inobva yashandurwa kuva glucose kana glycogen, asi mupiro wacho muduku.

5. Mhedzisiro paglucose yeropa uye insulin

Glucose:

Yakanyanya kukwidziridzwa shuga yeropa: ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yeropa.

Kukurudzira kwakanyanya kwe insulin secretion: Pancreatic beta masero anonzwa zvakananga kuwedzera kweshuga yeropa uye secrete insulin.

Mannose:

Zvinenge zvisingakanganisi shuga yeropa: inotora zvishoma, metabolizes pasina kubudisa glucose, uye haivimbi ne insulini.

Kwete kukurudzira insulin secretion: kushaya masaini anoshanda eropa ekusimudzira glucose.

6. Misiyano yakakosha mumabasa emuviri

Glucose:

Core function: Sosi huru yekukurumidza simba (kunyanya uropi, tsandanyama, uye masero matsvuku eropa), kuchengetedza shuga yeropa homeostasis.

Mannose:

Core function: Chinhu chakakosha chinotangira cheglycosylation biosynthesis, chinotsigira chimiro uye basa re glycoproteins uye glycolipids (kuzivikanwa kwesero, kufambisa kwechiratidzo, kusadzivirirwa, kupeta mapuroteni, nezvimwewo).

Sekondari basa: Kudzivirira urinary tract infections (nekuvhara mabhakitiriya adhesion).

7. Misiyano yekushandiswa kwekiriniki

Glucose:

Simba rekuwedzera (infusion), kurapwa kwe hypoglycemic, glucose kushivirira bvunzo.

Mannose:

Kudzivirirwa kweanowanzoita weti turakiti zvirwere (kunyanya kunanga Escherichia coli) uye kurapwa kweasingawanzo genetic glycosylation kusagadzikana (senge CDG Ib MPI kushomeka).