Citicoline (cytidine 5-diphosphate choline, CDP-choline) inokosha pakugadzirwa kwephospholipids yakadai sephosphatidylcholine. Aya mamorekuru anovaka sero membranes uye inodzivirira nerve coatings mumuviri [1]. Citicoline imorekuru yakaoma kupfuura yenguva dzose choline, kana kunyange alpha-GPC, asi chinhu chimwe chete chinogadzirwa muuropi. Kuti udzivise kuvhiringidzika, masayendisiti akasarudza kuidaidza kuti "citicoline" kana ichishandiswa semushonga uye "CDP-choline" kana ichigadzirwa mumuviri [2]. Kana yangopinzwa, inoburitsa maviri emakemikari: cytidine uye choline. Mushure mekunge vayambuka chipingamupinyi cheropa-uropi, ma neuron muuropi anoashandisa kugadzira citicoline nemamwe phospholipids [3]. Choline inowedzera acetylcholine uye mamwe ma neurotransmitters kuchengetedza tsinga dzetsinga dzichifamba zvakanaka. Muviri unoshandura citicoline kuita mamwe akawanda anobatsira makomisheni. Nokudaro, citicoline inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakawanda uye migumisiro shoma pane yakajairika choline [4,5,3].

Zvinoshanda sei

Citicoline inowedzera kugadzirwa kwemaurotransmitters uye maseru ekuvaka zvidhinha. Mukuwedzera kune acetylcholine, inowedzera norepinephrine uye dopamine muuropi [4,6]. Inogona kuwedzera uropi kuyerera kweropa uye kukurudzira mitochondria kuburitsa simba rakawanda [4,5,2]. Mazinga akakwana eCDP choline anodzivirira phosphatidylcholine uye sphingomyelin, iyo inovaka membrane yekudzivirira yekudzivirira inonzi myelin. Citicoline inhibits iyo inoputika enzyme phospholipase A2 uye inowedzera iyo huru antioxidant glutathione [7,8]. Muchidimbu, citicoline inoshanda nekuenzanisa neurotransmitters uye kudzivirira hurongwa hwemitsipa kubva kune oxidation uye kukanganisa kwezera [9,10,1].

Dietary source

Muviri unogadzira citicoline kubva ku cytidine uye choline. Nzira yakanakisa yekuwedzera citicoline mazinga kuburikidza nechikafu ndeye kushandisa zvakakwana zvekudya zvinopa zvese. Choline-rich foods zvinosanganisira [11,12] : Organ nyama (chiropa) mazai ehove hove Whole grains Cytidine is RNA nucleoside yakanyanya kunyanya munyama (kunyanya nhengo yenyama); Inowanikwawo mu colostrum [13,14]. Citicoline supplements (Cognizin, Somazina) ndeimwe inogona kuwedzera choline, kuwedzera kune: choline alpha-GPC phosphatidylcholine lecithin.

Mabhenefiti ehutano e citicoline anogona kuve anoshanda

1) Kuwedzera kwekuziva

Zera-nechekuita nekuziva kuderera Kugona kwekuziva kunowanzodzikira nezera nekuda kwekuderera kwekuyerera kweropa kuuropi kana zvimwe zvikonzero. Ongororo ye14 miedzo yemakiriniki yakagumisa kuti CDP-choline inogona kuvandudza chiyeuchidzo uye hunhu kune varwere vane hunyoro kusvika pakati pehuropi husina kunaka, kusanganisira avo vane hurombo husina kutenderera kwehuropi [9]. Kubva pane data kubva kune vanopfuura 2,800 varwere vakwegura, mushure mokugamuchira citicoline kurapwa, zvinetso zvekuyeuka zvakanyangarika mu21% yevarwere uye chiyeuchidzo chakavandudzwa mu45% yevarwere. Ichi chidzidzo chakanga chisina zvidzoreso zve placebo, saka tinofanira kutora mhedzisiro netsanga yemunyu [18]. Citicoline (1000mg yemwedzi ye9) yakabatsira muvarwere vakwegura ve350 vane unyoro husina simba hwekuziva nokuti yakakwanisa [19]: Simbisa mutsara wetsinga kuti uwedzere norepinephrine uye dopamine mazinga ekudzivirira kukuvara kweoxidative Muzvidzidzo zvitatu zvevarwere ve210 vane dementia uye urombo husina kunaka kutenderera, CDP inovandudza uropi hunotenderera, kukurumidza kushanduka kwehuropi, CDP-rection . Iyo yakakwirira muyero we citicoline (2000mg), zviri nani mhedzisiro [20,21,22]. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa citicoline kuvandudza kufunga, kuwedzera ndangariro, uye kudzivirira kuderera kwekuziva. Ngationei kuti sainzi inoti kudii nezvebasa rayo sepikicha ... Mumiedzo miviri yekiriniki muvanhu vakuru vane hutano 135, citicoline (250-500mg) yakavandudza kutarisa uye kujekesa kwepfungwa [23,24]. Chinwiwa chine caffeine uye CDP choline (250 mg) inovandudza cognitive performance uye yakaderedzwa yekuita nguva mu60 vanozvipira. Caffeine inozivikanwa inokurudzira uye inogona kunge yakakonzera mhedzisiro [25]. Muvanhu vakuru ve24 vane hutano hwakanaka, mazinga akakwirira e citicoline (500 kana 1000mg) akavandudza zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunzwisisa - kugadzirisa kukurumidza, kushanda uye kuyeuka kwekutaura, basa guru - asi kune avo vane ruzivo rwakashata [26]. Muchidzidzo chimwe chete, zvokuwedzera zvakanga zvisina zvazvinoita pavatambi vepakati uye kunyange zvishoma kutadza kuziva kugona muvatambi vepamusoro. [26] Cannabis kushungurudza kusanzwisisa kugona. Muchidzidzo che 19 chisingaperi vanoputa mbanje, citicoline (2,000 mg pazuva kwemavhiki masere) yakaderedza mhinduro dzechimbichimbi uye nekuvandudza kugona kwekuziva. Vose vatori vechikamu vaida kurega kusvuta, uye vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti migumisiro ye citicoline inogona kubatsira kuvatungamirira munzira iyoyo [27,28]. Zvinoenderana nekutsvaga kwekutanga, citicoline inogona kuwedzera kutarisisa uye kujeka kwepfungwa, kunyanya kune vanhu vane hurombo hwekugona kugona.

2) Stroke rehabilitation

Kubvisa ropa kune imwe nzvimbo yehuropi kunogona kuuraya neurons uye kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kwehuropi. Citicoline inogona kubatsira nekusimbisa nerve membrane uye kudzivirira mahara radical kugadzirwa [29,30]. Zvinoenderana nemeta-analysis yemakiriniki mana ekuedzwa (kupfuura 1,300 varwere), kutora 2000mg ye citicoline mukati meawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekurohwa kwakawedzera mikana yekupora kuzere ne38% [10]. Dhiyabhorosi kubva kune vanopfuura 4,000 vakapona sitiroko inoratidza kuti citicoline inovandudza migumisiro uye kupora AIDS; Mishonga yepamusoro (2000-4000mg) inonyanya kushanda. Pakanga pasina kudzora kweplacebo muchidzidzo ichi, saka hapana mhedziso dzechokwadi dzaigona kutorwa [31]. Zvidzidzo zviviri zvevanopfuura varwere ve3,000 havana kuwana rubatsiro rukuru rweCDP-choline nokuda kwekurohwa kwakanyanya [32,33]. Mishonga yekuvhara ropa inoramba iri sarudzo yekutanga yeacute sitiroko. Ongororo mbiri dzakabatanidzwa dzakagumisa kuti citicoline inogona kupa mamwe mabhenefiti kana kubatsira varwere vasingakwanisi kugamuchira kurapwa kwavo kwavanoda [34,35]. Kutungamirirwa nenguva kwe citicoline kunogona kuvandudza kupora kwesitiroko, asi tsvakurudzo ishoma. Mishonga yekuvhara ropa inoramba iri sarudzo yekutanga yeacute sitiroko.

3) Matambudziko ekuona

Kufanana nekudzivirira tsinga muuropi nemuzongoza, citicoline inogona kuva nerubatsiro rwakafanana patsinga yemaziso. Inogona kudzorera kukuvadzwa kweretinal neurons uye kubatsira kubata zvirwere zvemaziso zvakadai se [1]: Optic neuropathy Glaucoma Amblyopia Glaucoma Kuwedzera kwemaziso uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza tsinga yemaziso uye kutungamirira ku glaucoma, dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti upofu hwakakwana [36]. Mumakiriniki maviri ekuedzwa mu80 glaucoma varwere, kwenguva refu oral citicoline yakagadzirisa kukuvara kwetsinga, kuona kwakagadziridzwa, uye kunonoka kufambira mberi kwechirwere [37,38]. Citicoline madonhwe eziso akaratidza migumisiro yakafanana mune mamwe makiriniki maviri (68 varwere) [39,40]. Amblyopia, kana kuti "ziso rine usimbe," rinoitika apo maziso nehuropi hazvitauri zvakanaka. Inogona kukonzera kusaona zvakanaka mune rimwe ziso. [41] Mumakiriniki matatu ekuedzwa kwevana 190, oral citicoline yakavandudza chiyero cheamblyopia kurapwa (chigamba cheziso) [42,43,44]. Jekiseni yeCDP choline (1000mg zuva nezuva) yakaporesa tsinga yemaziso uye yakavandudzwa maonero muvakuru gumi vane amblyopia. Chidzidzo chacho chaive nediki sampuli saizi uye yakashaya zvinodzora zve placebo, saka mhedzisiro haina mubvunzo [45]. Optic neuropathy Optic neuropathy imwe mhando yekukuvara kwetsinga yemaziso inogona kukanganisa kuona. Mune varwere ve26 vane optic neuropathy, citicoline (1600mg / zuva kwemwedzi ye2) yakavandudza maonero nekugadzirisa kukuvara kwetsinga [46]. Huchapupu husina kukwana Hapana humbowo hwekiriniki hunoshanda hunotsigira kushandiswa kwe citicoline pakurapa chero dambudziko riri muchikamu chino. Inotevera ipfupiso yezvidzidzo zvemhuka zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, zvidzidzo zvemasero, kana zviyedzo zvekiriniki zvakaderera izvo zvinofanirwa kukonzeresa kumwe kuferefetwa. Nekudaro, haufanirwe kudzidudzira sekutsigira chero hutano hunobatsira.

4) Kukuvadzwa kwehuropi

Oxidative kusagadzikana, autoimmune reactions, uye chepfu yezvakatipoteredza zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kwehuropi. Citicoline inodzivirira huropi uye musana kubva kune izvi zvinonetsa nekuchengetedza myelin sheath yemasero uye kuwedzera akakosha neurotransmitters. Chirwere cheAlzheimer Mumakiriniki matatu ekuedzwa, Citicoline (1000mg zuva rega rega kwemwedzi 1-3) yakavandudza zviratidzo zvechirwere cheAlzheimer [47,48,49]: Kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwepfungwa kwakakurudzira kuyerera kweropa kuuropi kwakaderedza mazinga emamolekemu anopisa (histamine uye IL1B) Zvisinei, kushayikwa kwezvidzoreso zve placebo muzvidzidzo zviviri zvakagadzirisa mibvunzo. Muchidzidzo chechitatu, varwere vane genetic predisposition kuAlzheimer's disease (APOE-e4 vatakuri) vakawana zvakatowedzera mabhenefiti. Uku kutsvaga kwakakosha nekuti vatakuri veAPOE-e4 vanopindura zvakasiyana (uye kazhinji zvakanyanya kuipa) kune kupindira kwakasiyana [48,50]. Citicoline yakawedzera mhedzisiro yekurapa kwezvinodhaka kwechirwere cheAlzheimer uye kunonoka kufambira mberi kwemiedzo miviri yekutarisa (kupfuura varwere ve600) [51,52]. Mumakonzo ane chirwere cheAlzheimer, citicoline inodzivirira tsinga kubva kumapuroteni kuchinja uye inoderedza kuyerera kweropa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, makonzo aive nekushomeka kwekuziva uye nekuvandudza ndangariro [53]. Citicoline inogona kubatsira kurapa chirwere cheAlzheimer uye kuvandudza hutano hwakakwana, asi huripo humbowo hwekiriniki husina simba. Chirwere cheParkinson Kuparara kwe dopamine neurons muchirwere cheParkinson kunokonzera kuoma kwemisumbu, kudedera, uye zvimwe zviratidzo. Mumakonzo ane chirwere cheParkinson, citicoline inobvisa kuoma kwemhasuru nekuwedzera dopamine mazinga muuropi. Inowedzerawo maitiro ehutano hwehutano [54,55]. Multiple sclerosis Kuparadza kwemyelin sheath yekunze kweshiti yetsinga kunogona kukonzera multiple sclerosis, inoperekedzwa nekuremara kwakanyanya kwemuviri nekuziva. Mumhuka dzine multiple sclerosis, masayendisiti akacherechedza kukwanisa kwe citicoline kuwedzera myelin kupora uye kurongeka kwemotokari [56,57].

5) Matambudziko epfungwa uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka

Kuora mwoyo Muchidzidzo chevarwere ve50, kuwedzera citicoline kune antidepressant (citalopram) yakavandudza kuora mwoyo zviratidzo uye kupora [58]. Mumakonzo, CDP-choline inowedzera norepinephrine, dopamine, uye serotonin mazinga mundangariro dzehuropi, mafungiro, uye nzvimbo dzekufamba [59,60]. Methamphetamine uye cocaine vakapindwa muropa Citicoline yakaderedza kuora mwoyo zviratidzo mu60 methamphetamine (meth) vakapindwa muropa, asi yakanga isina simba pakushandisa zvinodhaka (2000 mg / zuva kwemwedzi ye3). Mune kumwe kuongorora kwe31 methamphetamine vakapindwa muropa, citicoline yakadzivirira huropi uye yakaderedza kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka [61,62]. Mune vanopfuura 130 cocaine vakapindwa muropa nebipolar disorder, citicoline (500-2,000 mg kwemwedzi mitatu) yakaderedza kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka asi haina kukanganisa mafungiro. Zvisinei, mukuedzwa kwevashandisi ve20 heavy cocaine, haina kubudisa mhedzisiro [63,64,65]. Ongororo yemiedzo mipfumbamwe yakagumisa kuti citicoline inogona kuve nerubatsiro rushoma pane zvinodhaka, kunyanya cocaine, asi yakaratidza kudiwa kwehuchapupu hwakasimba hwekiriniki [66]. Citicoline yakawedzera mhedzisiro yekurapa kwakajairwa muvarwere ve66 vane schizophrenia. Inovandudza izvo zvinonzi "zvisina kunaka" zviratidzo zvakadai sekuneta mupfungwa, kutadza kutaurirana, uye kuoma. Izvi zvakanyanya kuoma kubata nemishonga yakajairika [67]. Muvanhu vakuru ve24 vane hutano hwakanaka, CDP-choline inowedzera cognition nekukurudzira nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, iyo inowanzove isina kushanda mu schizophrenia [26]. Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zviri kuvimbisa, asi hapana humbowo hwakakwana hunotsigira kushandiswa kwe citicoline kurapa kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.