Flavour Enhancer, eo hape e tsejoang e le flavor enhancer, e bolela lintho tse ka ntlafatsang haholo kapa tsa ntlafatsa tatso ea pele ea lijo. Ka indasteri ea tatso le monko o monate, molemong oa ho lokisa litlhoko tsa monko, hangata ho eketsa litlolo tsa tatso ho matlafatsa matla a tatso, ho fokotsa lit?enyehelo, le ho etsa hore monko o kopane haholoanyane, o ruile, o bonolo le oa nnete. Tatso ea lijo hangata e arotsoe ka tatso e monate (joalo ka fragola, apole, perekisi, joalo-joalo) le tatso ea letsoai (joalo ka tatso ea linoko, tatso ea nama), tatso ea nama ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea indasteri ea tatso ea lijo, se matlafatsang tatso ea nama se ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 6 e latelang:

1) Monomer ea tatso ea lijo (Chemical) : maltol, ethyl maltol, furfuryl mercaptan, furfuryl mercaptan, 2-mercapto-3-furan mercaptan, bis (2-methyl-3-furan) disulfide, methyl cyclopentenolone (MCP), joalo-joalo;

2) Mahlahana a Umami: Sodium glutamate (MSG), inosine ea sodium (IMP), sodium guanylate (GMP), sodium inosine + sodium guanylate (I + G), monosodium succinate (MSS), disodium succinate (DSS), joalo-joalo;

3) Lioli tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho le litlolo tsa tsona tse kopantsoeng: tse kang oli ea sesame, tatso ea sesame le linoko tse ling tsa oli ea bohlokoa, li-resin kapa litlolo tse kopantsoeng;

4) Litlolo tse nkhang hamonate tse hlahisoang ke karabelo ea Maillard: joalo ka aldehydes kapa ketones le cysteine ????e hlahisoang karabelo ea hydrogen sulfide e nyane haholo;

5) Litatso tse ling tsa tlhaho le linoko: tse kang ho eketsa tatso e nyenyane ea nama ea kolobe le ea khoho ho nama ea nama ea khomo, le ho eketsa tatso e nyenyane ea khoho le nama ea khomo ho tatso ea nama ea kolobe.

Sehlahisoa sa tatso ea nama se na le lit?obotsi tse latelang:

1) Chelete e nyane, phello ea monko o monate e bohlokoa;

2) Aroma enhancer ka boeona e ka 'na ea se ke ea fana ka monko o monate, leha e le hore e ke ke ea fetola sebopeho le sebopeho sa lintho tse ling tse monko, empa e ka fetola mesebetsi ea motho ea fisioloji, ke hore, ho matlafatsa ts'usumetso ea methapo ea monko oa motho, ho ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea lisele tsa monko, le ho matlafatsa phetiso ea tlhahisoleseding ea monko;

3) Fokotsa palo ea lintho tse ling tse nkhang hamonate kapa fokotsa palo ea ho qetela ea tatso ka ho ntlafatsa monko o monate haholo, kahoo o fokotsa lit?enyehelo;

4) Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tatso ha li na phello ea tatso feela, empa hape li na le phello e ntle ea monko o monate, e ka etsang hore monko o kopane, o bonolo, o ruileng, le nako e telele ea ho boloka monko o monate;

5) Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tatso li na le sebopeho se khethehileng sa limolek'hule, 'me li ka sebetsana le lintho tse ling ts'ebetsong ea ho hlahisa lintho tse ling tse monko o monate, tse kang furanone, MCP, joalo-joalo;

6) Palo ea moemeli oa tatso e na le phello monkong. Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tatso li ke ke tsa ama monko o monate oa tatso ha o sebelisoa ka bongata, joalo ka maltol, ethyl maltol, joalo-joalo, ha linoko tse ling li tla hlahisa monko o sa thabiseng ha li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o feteletseng, joalo ka furfuryl mercaptan, MCP, joalo-joalo;

7) Ka lebaka la phello ea synergistic pakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa monko, hangata li sebelisoa hammoho.

Kenyelletso ea mefuta e fapaneng e ntlafatsang tatso ea nama

A, tatso e jeoang ea sehlopha sa monoma

(a) Maltol le ethyl maltol ka bobeli ke lintho tse nang le tatso e pharalletseng, tlhahlobong ea GC/MS ea litatso tse ling tsa nama e fumane hore karolo e kholo ea tatso ea nama e ekelitse 'mela kapa ethyl maltol, palo e ekelitsoeng ea 1% ho isa ho 20% (mona e bua ka karo-karolelano ea boleng ba linoko tatsong, ho sa kenyeletsoe lihlapolli). Maltol (Maltol, Veltol), lebitso la khoebo la flavol, Palatone, Kopalin, lebitso la lik'hemik'hale 2-methylpyromeconic acid, e na le monko o khethehileng o t?oanang le tsoekere e chesitsoeng ea tranelate, e boetse e hlalosoa e le monko oa caramel, o sa tsitsang, o fokolang ka 93 ℃, Lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho li fumanoa malt e halikiloeng, linale tsa phaene, chicory. Ethy Maltol (Vetol2plus), e tsejoang ka lik'hemik'hale e le 2-ethyl pyromeconic acid, e na le monko o monate oa caramel le fruity, e nang le tatso e monate haholo le monko o monate oa litholoana ka tharollo e t?esaane. Ka bobeli li qhibiliha ka metsing, ethanol le propylene glycol (PG) li lokela ho ela hloko lintlha tse latelang tsa 4 ha li sebelisa: 1) Ka bobeli li na le phenol hydroxyl, 'me ho kopana le lijana tsa t?epe ho tla ba khubelu, kahoo qoba ho sebelisa lijana tsa t?epe; 2) Tlas'a maemo a acidic, phello ea ho ntlafatsa monko o monate, empa tlas'a maemo a alkaline, phello e fokotsehile ka lebaka la ho arohana ha sehlopha sa phenol hydroxyl; 3) Phello e ntlafatsang monko oa ethyl maltol e ka ba makhetlo a 3-8 ho feta a maltol, 'me tekanyo e ka fokotsoa ha u sebelisa ea pele; 4) Haeba e sebelisoa le I + G, MSG, MCP le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tatso, e ka ntlafatsa phello.

(b) MCPMCP, e tsejoang hape e le 3-methyl-1, 2-cyclopentenedione kapa 3-methyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one, ke phofo e t?oeu kapa e bobebe ea kristale e mosehla e nang le maple le monko o monate oa acer, oo hape o hlalosoang e le monko oa caramel. Boteng ba eona bo ile ba fumanoa mekhoeng e meng ea nama. MCP e na le tatso e t?oanang le ea maltol le ethyl maltol, empa tekanyetso ha ea lokela ho ba ngata haholo. Tlas'a maemo a mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, MCP e tla bula lesale le ho it?oara ka lintho tse ling tse nkhang hamonate ho hlahisa tatso e ikhethang ea nama.

(3) Furfuryl Mercaptan, eo hape e tsejoang e le kofi mercaptan, 2-furanyl methylmercaptan. Libakeng tse phahameng, e na le monko o sa thabiseng haholo oa sebabole, 'me ha e hlapollotsoe, e nkha kofi le nama. Lihlahisoa tsa 1% tsa furfuryl mercaptan tse hlahisoang ke lik'hamphani tse ling tse kholo li na le tatso e matla ea nama, nama e halikiloeng (hape joaloka nama ea khomo), 'me ha e na tatso ea kofi. Tlhahlobo ea GC/ MS ea litatso tse ling tsa nama e ile ea bona boteng ba furfuryl mercaptan ka bongata, mme lipampiri tse ngata le tsona li netefalitse karolo ea furfuryl mercaptan mme tsa khothaletsa ho eketsoa ha lipalo. Ts'ebelisong ea 'nete, furfuryl mercaptan e hlakotsoe ka karoloana ea boima ba 1% ebe e eketsoa tatso ea nama ka tekanyo e nyane.

(4) Furaneol; Furanone) lebitso la lik'hemik'hale 2, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3 (2H) -furanone, ke tatso ea lijo, tatso e matlafatsang, synergist. Khale koana lilemong tsa bo-1960, e ne e fumanoa ka phaenapole e ncha le sopho ea nama ea khomo, kahoo e boetse e bitsoa bromelain. Furanone e na le phaenapole ea tlhaho, fragola e kang monko o monate, hape e hlalosoang e le monko o monate o chesitsoeng, o nang le monko o hlakileng, phello e monate, e ka etsa hore monko o monate o be pota-potile le o teteaneng, 'me o na le mosebetsi oa ho sireletsa le ho koahela tatso e sa thabiseng. Karolo e 'ngoe ea furanone e lekana le likarolo tse 5,5 ho isa ho tse 6 tsa ethyl maltol le likarolo tse 16 ho isa ho tse 20 tsa maltol ho matlafatsa monko le ho sireletsa monko o sa thabiseng. Tlhahlobong ea GC/MS ea litatso tse ling tsa nama, boteng ba furanone bo ile ba bonoa, 'me karolo ea eona e ka ba holimo ho 5% ea karolo ea tatso. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, furanone e boetse e le motsoako oa tatso ea tatso ea nama, e ka sebetsanang le cysteine, cystine, ammonium sulfide le lintho tse ling ho hlahisa lintho tsa tatso ea nama, le ho hlahisa palo e nyenyane haholo ea hydrogen sulfide. Ho ea ka lipatlisiso tsa Ding Desheng, ho eketsa furanone moleng oa khoho ho hlakile hore ho ka eketsa botlalo le ho leka-lekana ha tatso le ho ntlafatsa tatso ea barbecue. Ho kenyelletsa furanone ho motsoako oa nama ea khomo ho ka ntlafatsa tatso le tatso haholo, 'me boreleli le tatso ea tatso li eketsehile haholo, e leng se etsang hore nama e latsoehe haholo, e le lero le lerootho. Mehlala ea ts'ebeliso ea furanone, (I + G) le MSG e bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo la 1.

5 chelete.

Ea bobeli, sehlopha sa moemeli oa umami

(a) MSGMSG ke MSG, e tsejoang hape e le L-glutamate sodium, sodium glutamate. MSG ha e na monko ha e le hantle, e na le umami, litatso tse monate le tse letsoai, 'me moeli oa tatso ke 0.014%. MSG e sebetsa karolong e ka pele ea leleme le mehlahare e 'meli, 'me e na le maikutlo a matla a t?usumetso e tobileng ea umami le preconsciousness. Umami e batla e le monotonous, mme phello ya umami e bonahala bohareng, mme umami o tla kapele mme o tsamaya kapele.

MSG e na le phello ea synergistic le IMP, GMP le (I + G). (MSG + IMP) Ka boima ba 0.05 g/ L, ha MSG∶IMP = 1∶1, umami e fihlile ho matla a mangata; Motsoakong oa MSG le IMP, karolo e boima ea IMP e eketsehile ho tloha ho zero ho ea ho 50%, 'me matla a umami a eketseha ka sebopeho sa convex parabolic. Karolo e boima ea IMP e eketsehile ho tloha ho 50% ho ea ho 100%, 'me matla a umami a fokotseha ka sebopeho sa convex parabolic.

Hangata MSG e kopantsoe le (I + G) ho hlahisa MSG e matla, 99% MSG + 1% (I + G) e ka eketsoa ka makhetlo a 2, 98% MSG + 2% (I + G) e ka eketseha ka makhetlo a 3.5; 96% MSG+ 4% (I + G) e ka eketsoa ka karolo ea 5. T?ebelisong ea tatso ea nama, MSG e atisa ho sebelisoa hammoho le (I + G), 'me kopo e khethehileng e bont?oa ho Lethathamo la 1.

(2) IMP, GMP le (I + G) IMP le GMP li teng ka bongata liphoofolong tse ruuoang le lihlahisoa tsa likhoho tse kang nama ea khomo, ea kolobe le ea khoho, le lijo tsa leoatleng tse kang sardines, eels, pike e matheba a masoeu le tlhapi e nkhang hamonate. IMP le GMP li na le tatso e matla ea umami, 'me matla a umami a GMP a ka makhetlo a ka bang 3 ho feta a IMP,' me motsoako oa bobeli o atisa ho sebelisoa khoebong (ke hore, I + G, IMP le GMP account bakeng sa 50% ka 'ngoe). MSG, IMP, GMP, (I + G) e ka etsa hore tatso ea nama e be matla haholoanyane, e phethahale, e ntlafatse le ho ntlafatsa tatso ea nama, ho phehella le kutloisiso e matla.

3 Ka bobeli li na le phello ea synergistic le MSG.

3.Natural oli ea bohlokoa kapa motsoako oa eona o kopantsoeng

Oli ea bohlokoa e sebelisoang haholo ke oli ea sesame. Sesame e sa besitsoeng e na le likaroloana tse fokolang haholo tsa monko, feela e na le mefuta e fetang 10 ea aldehyde (joalo ka valeraldehyde, hexal, heptanaldehyde, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, joalo-joalo), phenol tse 'maloa (phenol, guaiacol, joalo-joalo) le mefuta e fetang 10 ea monko o mong. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a ho chesa sesame, likarolo tsa eona tsa monko le bongata li eketseha haholo. Ho kenyeletsoa hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, furans, phenols, lactones, pyrazines, pyrroles, pyridines, oxazoles, nitriles, thiazoles, thiophenes, mercaptans le sulfide le lihlopha tse ling tse 17 tsa 208 aroma substance. Oli ea Sesame e nt?itsoeng ho sesame e halikiloeng e na le monko o monate le monko o monate. Haeba u batla ho eketsa oli ea sesame tatso ea metsi, ho hlokahala hore u emulsify oli ea sesame pele, ho seng joalo ketsahalo ea ho phalla ha mafura e tla etsahala ka mor'a ho eketsa, e ama ponahalo le boleng ba tatso. Lioling tse ling tse rekisoang kapa oli ea salate, oli ea sesame e atisa ho eketsoa ho ntlafatsa tatso, ho ntlafatsa boleng bo eketsehileng ba sehlahisoa. Ntle le t?ebeliso ea oli ea tlhaho ea sesame, tatso ea oli ea sesame e ka boela ea sebelisoa. Ha monko oa oli ea tlhaho ea sesame e se matla ka ho lekaneng kapa boleng bo sa tsitsang, bo ka rarolloa ka tsela e nkhang hamonate.

Ea bone, karabelo ea Maillard ea ho hlahisa lintlafatso tsa tatso

Boit?oaro ba mofuta ona bo tlalehiloe liphuputsong tse ngata, mohlala: 1) VB1 → bis (2-methyl-3-furanyl) disulfide; 2) α-hydroxyl ketone + (NH4) 2S →H2S, joalo-joalo; 3) Aldehyde + (NH4) 2S →H2S, joalo-joalo; 4) Li-Furanone le li-analogue tsa tsona tsa sebopeho + (NH4) 2S →H2S, joalo-joalo.

E le ho fokotsa lit?enyehelo tsa tatso ea nama le ho ntlafatsa matla a eona, botlalo le ho tsamaisana, hoa hlokahala ho eketsa tatso ea nama ea nama. Leha ho le joalo, hase ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ntlafatsang tatso e ka sebelisoang ho tatso ea nama, ka kakaretso, MSG, (I + G), furanone, maltol le ethyl maltol li loketse mefuta e sa t?oaneng ea tatso ea nama, MSS, DSS bakeng sa tatso ea lijo tsa leoatleng, oli ea sesame e loketse nama ea kolobe, nama ea khomo, ham, e halikiloeng le mefuta e meng ea tatso.