Tsela ea biosynthesis ea amino acid ha e na karolo ea bohlokoa feela mesebetsing ea bophelo, empa hape e khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle le e baballang tikoloho ea tlhahiso ea amino acid le baeloji ea maiketsetso ho belisoa ha indasteri. Liprotheine ke motheo oa bophelo, 'me li phetha likarolo tse sa t?oaneng liseleng, ho tloha ho t?ehetso ea sebopeho ho ea ho ho susumetsa lik'hemik'hale. Liprotheine tsohle li entsoe ka li-amino acid tse 20 tse fapaneng tse hlahisoang ka har'a lisele ka mekhoa e rarahaneng ea biosynthesis. Ho sibolloa ha li-amino acid tse 20 ho nkile lilemo tse ka bang lekholo, ho qala ka ho it?ehla thajana ha glycine ke setsebi sa k'hemistri sa Lefora H. Braconnot ka 1820, 'me ho qetella ka ho sibolloa ha threonine ke W. Rose ka 1935. The biosynthesis ea amino acid ke litaba tse ka sehloohong tsa metabolism ea sebopeho sa likokoana-hloko. Sengoliloeng sena se tla u thusa ho utloisisa hore na li-amino acid tsena li entsoe joang ho tsoa ho limolek'hule tse bonolo le hore na li arotsoe joang. Biosynthesis ea li-amino acid tsohle e entsoe ka litselana tsa makala ho sebelisa li-intermediate tsa litsela tse bohareng tsa metabolic joalo ka li-precursor. Ho ea ka mofuta oa selelekela sa ho qala, biosynthesis ea amino acid e ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse 5: lihlopha tsa Glutamate, tse kenyelletsang glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), proline (Pro) le arginine (Arg). T?imoloho ea li-amino acid tsena e qala ka glutamate, molek'hule ea bohlokoa tseleng e bohareng ea metabolism. Lelapa la aspartate le kenyelletsa aspartate (Asp), aspartamide (Asn), lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), le isoleucine (Ile). T?imoloho ea amino acid ea lelapa lena e qala ka asiti ea aspartic, eo hape e leng sehlahisoa sa litsela tse bohareng tsa metabolism. Lelapa la li-amino acid tse nkhang hamonate, ho kenyelletsa phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), le tryptophan (Trp). T?imoloho ea li-amino acid tsena e qala ka erythrosis-4-phosphate (E4P) le phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), limolek'hule tse peli tseo le tsona e leng li-intermediate tsa bohlokoa litseleng tsa metabolism. Lelapa la serine le kenyelletsa serine (Ser), glycine (Gly), le cysteine ??(Cys). T?imoloho ea amino acid ea lelapa lena e qala ka serine, e leng ntlha ea makala ea litsela tse ngata tsa biosynthetic. Sehlopha sa alanine se kenyelletsa alanine (Ala), valine (Val) le leucine (Leu). Le hoja li-amino acid tsena e le tsa malapa a fapaneng, li na le karabelo e t?oanang nakong ea motsoako, 'me hangata liketso tsena li hlahisoa ke sehlopha se le seng sa li-enzyme.

Isoleucine, valine, le leucine, le hoja e le tsa malapa a sa t?oaneng, li na le karabelo e t?oanang e hlohlelletsoang ke enzyme e t?oanang. Phetoho ea serine ho cysteine ????ke karabelo e kholo ea phokotso ea assimilative sulfate. Biosynthesis ea sehlopha sa amino acid e nkhang hamonate e qalile ka erythrosis-4-P le PEP. Biosynthesis ea histidine e khethehile, 'me foreimi ea eona ea carbon e tsoa ho phosphoribose pyrophosphate (PRPP). Li-C tse peli tse ka har'a ribose ea PRPP li sebelisoa ho haha ????lesale la imidazole le nang le litho tse 5, 'me tse ling kaofela li sebelisetsoa ho theha ketane ea mahlakoreng a 3C. The biosynthesis ea amino acid e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho belisoa ha indasteri. Ha se feela karolo ea mantlha ea kholo ea likokoana-hloko le ts'ebetso ea metabolism, empa hape ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse ngata tse lomositsoeng. Tlhahiso ea li-amino acid ka ho belisoa ha likokoana-hloko e ka finyella tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle le e theko e tlaase ha e ntse e fokotsa t?ilafalo ea tikoloho, e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lijo, lijo, meriana le liindasteri tse ling.

Ho feta moo, biosynthesis ea li-amino acid e khothalelitse nts'etsopele ea baeloji ea maiketsetso le boenjineri ba metabolic, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho hlahisa li-amino acid tse ikhethileng le tse tsoang ho tsona ka likokoana-hloko. Sena ha se ntlafatse ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso feela, empa hape se fana ka sethala bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse ncha tsa biotechnology le ho tsoela pele ho atolosa mefuta e mengata ea t?ebeliso ea ho belisoa ha indasteri.