Citicoline (cytidine 5-diphosphate choline, CDP-choline) e bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea phospholipids tse kang phosphatidylcholine. Limolek'hule tsena li haha ????li-membrane tsa lisele le masela a sireletsang methapo 'meleng [1]. Citicoline ke molek'hule e rarahaneng ho feta choline e tloaelehileng, kapa esita le alpha-GPC, empa ke ntho e t?oanang e hlahisoang ka tlhaho bokong. Ho qoba pherekano, bo-rasaense ba ile ba etsa qeto ea ho e bitsa "citicoline" ha e sebelisoa e le phekolo le "CDP-choline" ha e hlahisoa 'meleng [2]. Hang ha e kenngoa, e nt?a metsoako e 'meli: cytidine le choline. Kamora ho t?ela mokoallo oa mali-bokong, li-neurone bokong li li sebelisa ho etsa citicoline le phospholipids tse ling [3]. Choline e matlafatsa acetylcholine le li-neurotransmitters tse ling ho boloka tsamaiso ea methapo e sebetsa hantle. 'Mele o fetola citicoline metsoako e meng e mengata e molemo. Ka hona, citicoline e ka ba le melemo e mengata le litla-morao tse fokolang ho feta choline e tloaelehileng [4,5,3].

Kamoo e sebetsang kateng

Citicoline e eketsa tlhahiso ea li-neurotransmitters le li-block blocks tsa lisele. Ntle le acetylcholine, e matlafatsa norepinephrine le dopamine bokong [4,6]. E ka ntlafatsa phallo ea mali ea boko le ho susumetsa mitochondria ho hlahisa matla a mangata [4,5,2]. Mekhahlelo e lekaneng ea choline ea CDP e sireletsa phosphatidylcholine le sphingomyelin, e leng se etsang lera le sireletsang la methapo e bitsoang myelin. Citicoline e boetse e thibela enzyme ea ho ruruha phospholipase A2 mme e ntlafatsa antioxidant glutathione e ka sehloohong [7,8]. Ka kakaretso, citicoline e sebetsa ka ho leka-lekanya li-neurotransmitters le ho sireletsa tsamaiso ea methapo ho tloha ho oxidation le t?enyo e amanang le lilemo [9,10,1].

Mohloli oa lijo

'Mele o kopanya citicoline ho tloha cytidine le choline. Mokhoa o motle oa ho eketsa maemo a citicoline ka lijo ke ho sebelisa mehloli ea lijo e lekaneng e fanang ka bobeli. Lijo tse nang le choline li kenyelletsa [11,12] : Nama ea setho (sebete) mahe a khoho tlhapi Whole grain Cytidine ke RNA nucleoside e tsepamisitsoeng haholo nama (haholo-holo nama ea setho); E boetse e fumanoa ho colostrum [13,14]. Citicoline supplements (Cognizin, Somazina) ke mohloli o mong o ka bang teng oa choline e eketsehileng, ho phaella ho: choline alpha-GPC phosphatidylcholine lecithin.

Melemo ea bophelo bo botle ea citicoline e kanna ea sebetsa

1) Ntlafatso ea kelello

Ho fokotseha ho amanang le lilemo Bokhoni ba kelello bo atisa ho fokotseha ha lilemo li ntse li fokotseha ka lebaka la phokotseho ea phallo ea mali bokong kapa ka mabaka a mang. Tlhahlobo ea liteko tsa kliniki tsa 14 e fihletse qeto ea hore CDP-choline e ka ntlafatsa mohopolo le boit?oaro ho bakuli ba nang le bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello ho isa ho bo itekanetseng, ho kenyeletsa le ba nang le boko bo fokolang [9]. Ho ipapisitsoe le lintlha tse tsoang ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ba fetang 2,800, kamora ho fumana kalafo ea citicoline, mathata a mohopolo a ile a nyamela ho 21% ea bakuli mme mohopolo o ntlafalitsoe ho 45% ea bakuli. Phuputso ena e ne e se na li-control tsa placebo, kahoo re lokela ho nka liphetho ka lijo-thollo tsa letsoai [18]. Citicoline (1000mg bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 9) e ne e le molemo ho bakuli ba tsofetseng ba 350 ba nang le bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello hobane ba ne ba khona ho [19]: Ho matlafatsa methapo ea kutlo ho eketsa norepinephrine le maemo a dopamine ho thibela t?enyo ea oxidative Lithutong tse tharo tsa bakuli ba 210 ba nang le 'dementia' le bokooa bo bobe ba ho potoloha ha boko, CDP-choline ea ho it?oara ka potlako, ho ntlafatsa mohopolo oa boko, ho it?oara ka potlako. Ha tekanyo ea citicoline e phahame (2000mg), phello e molemo [20,21,22]. Batho ba bangata ba sebelisa citicoline ho ntlafatsa monahano, ho ntlafatsa mohopolo, le ho thibela ho fokotseha ha kelello. A re boneng hore na saense e re'ng ka karolo ea eona e le papali ... Litekong tse peli tsa kliniki ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle ba 135, citicoline (250-500mg) e ntlafalitse tlhokomelo le ho hlaka kelellong [23,24]. Seno se nang le caffeine le CDP choline (250 mg) se matlafalitse ts'ebetso ea kelello le ho fokotsa nako ea ho arabela ho baithaopi ba 60. Caffeine ke ntho e susumetsang e tsebahalang 'me e ka' na eaba e kentse letsoho liphellong [25]. Ho batho ba baholo ba 24 ba phetseng hantle, litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa citicoline (500 kapa 1000mg) li ntlafalitse mat?oao a fapaneng a kelello - lebelo la ho sebetsa, mohopolo oa ho sebetsa le oa mantsoe, ts'ebetso ea taolo - empa ho ba nang le bokhoni bo fokolang ba kelello [26]. Thutong e t?oanang, li-supplement li ne li se na phello ho bat?oant?isi ba lipakeng esita le bokhoni ba kelello bo fokolang hanyenyane ho baetsi ba phahameng. [26] T?ebeliso e mpe ea matekoane e nang le bokooa bo sa sebetseng hantle. Phuputsong ea batho ba 19 ba tsubang matekoane a sa foleng, citicoline (2,000 mg ka letsatsi bakeng sa libeke tse 8) e fokolitse likarabo tse potlakileng le ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng ea kelello. Barupeluoa bohle ba ne ba batla ho khaotsa ho tsuba, 'me bafuputsi ba fana ka maikutlo a hore liphello tsa citicoline li ka ba thusa ho ba tsamaisa ka tsela eo [27,28]. Ho ea ka lipatlisiso tsa pele, citicoline e ka ntlafatsa tlhokomelo le ho hlaka kelellong, haholo-holo ho batho ba nang le tsebo e fokolang ea kelello.

2) Ho tsosolosoa ha stroke

Ho khaola phepelo ea mali sebakeng se itseng sa boko ho ka bolaea methapo ea kutlo le ho baka t?enyo e kholo bokong. Citicoline e ka thusa ka ho matlafatsa methapo ea kutlo le ho thibela tlhahiso ea mahala ea radical [29,30]. Ho latela tlhahlobo ea liteko tse 'ne tsa kliniki (bakuli ba fetang 1,300), ho nka 2000mg ea citicoline nakong ea lihora tse 24 kamora ho otloa ke setorouku ho ile ha eketsa menyetla ea ho fola ka botlalo ka 38% [10]. Lintlha tse tsoang ho batho ba fetang 4,000 ba pholohileng lefu la stroke li bont?a hore citicoline e ntlafatsa liphello le ho hlaphoheloa ha AIDS; Litekanyetso tse phahameng (2000-4000mg) li sebetsa haholoanyane. Ho ne ho se na taolo ea placebo thutong ena, kahoo ha ho liqeto tse hlakileng tse ka etsoang [31]. Liphuputso tse peli tsa bakuli ba fetang 3,000 ha lia ka tsa fumana molemo o moholo oa CDP-choline bakeng sa stroke se matla [32,33]. Lithethefatsi tse senyang lesela e ntse e le khetho ea pele bakeng sa stroke se matla. Litlhahlobo tse peli tse kopantsoeng li ile tsa etsa qeto ea hore citicoline e ka fana ka melemo e eketsehileng kapa ea thusa bakuli ba sa khoneng ho fumana phekolo eo ba e ratang [34,35]. Tsamaiso e nakong ea citicoline e ka ntlafatsa ho hlaphoheloa ke stroke, empa lipatlisiso li lekanyelitsoe. Lithethefatsi tse senyang lesela e ntse e le khetho ea pele bakeng sa stroke se matla.

3) Mathata a pono

Joaloka ho sireletsa methapo ea boko le lesapo la mokokotlo, citicoline e ka ’na ea e-ba le phello e t?oanang e molemo mothapong oa mahlo. E ka fetola t?enyo ea methapo ea kutlo le ho thusa ho phekola mafu a mahlo a kang [1] : Optic neuropathy Glaucoma Amblyopia Glaucoma Ho eketseha ha khatello ea mahlo le lintlha tse ling ho ka senya methapo ea mahlo le ho lebisa ho glaucoma, ka linako tse ling e lebisa bofofu bo feletseng [36]. Litekong tse peli tsa kliniki ho bakuli ba 80 ba glaucoma, citicoline ea nako e telele ea molomo e ile ea lokisa t?enyo ea methapo, pono e ntlafetseng, le ho fokotsa tsoelo-pele ea mafu [37,38]. Marotholi a mahlo a Citicoline a bont?itse liphello tse t?oanang litekong tse ling tse peli tsa meriana (bakuli ba 68) [39,40]. Amblyopia, kapa "leihlo le botsoa," e etsahala ha mahlo le boko li sa buisane hantle. E ka etsa hore leihlo le le leng le bone lerootho. [41] Litekong tse tharo tsa kliniki tsa bana ba 190, molomo oa citicoline o ntlafalitse phekolo e tloaelehileng ea amblyopia (patch ea mahlo) [42,43,44]. Ente ea CDP choline (1000mg letsatsi le leng le le leng) e ile ea folisa methapo ea mahlo le pono e ntlafetseng ho batho ba baholo ba 10 ba nang le amblyopia. Boithuto bo ne bo e-na le sampole e nyane mme e ne e se na li-control tsa placebo, ka hona liphetho lia belaetsa [45]. Optic neuropathy Optic neuropathy ke mofuta o mong oa kotsi ea methapo ea mahlo e ka sitisang pono. Ho bakuli ba 26 ba nang le optic neuropathy, citicoline (1600mg / letsatsi bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 2) e ntlafalitse pono ka ho lokisa t?enyo ea methapo [46]. Bopaki bo sa lekaneng Ha ho na bopaki bo nepahetseng ba kliniki bo t?ehetsang t?ebeliso ea citicoline bakeng sa phekolo ea mathata leha e le afe karolong ena. Se latelang ke kakaretso ea lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa liphoofolo, lithuto tse thehiloeng ka liseleng, kapa liteko tsa boemo bo tlase tsa bongaka tse lokelang ho qala lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng. Leha ho le joalo, ha ua lokela ho li hlalosa e le tse t?ehetsang melemo leha e le efe ea bophelo bo botle.

4) Kotsi ea boko

Khatello ea oxidative, karabelo ea autoimmune, le chefo ea tikoloho li ka baka t?enyo e kholo ea lisele tsa boko. Citicoline e sireletsa boko le lesapo la mokokotlo khatellong ena ka ho sireletsa sheath ea myelin ea lisele le ho ntlafatsa li-neurotransmitters tsa bohlokoa. Lefu la Alzheimer Litekong tse tharo tsa kliniki, Citicoline (1000mg letsatsi le leng le le leng bakeng sa likhoeli tsa 1-3) e ntlafalitse mat?oao a lefu la Alzheimer [47,48,49]: Ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea kelello e ile ea etsa hore mali a phalle bokong a fokotse maemo a limolek'hule tsa ho ruruha (histamine le IL1B) Leha ho le joalo, ho haella ha taolo ea placebo liphethong tsa lipatlisiso ka bobeli ho ile ha etsa hore ho be le lipotso. Phuputsong ea boraro, bakuli ba nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa lefu la Alzheimer (APOE-e4 carriers) ba bile le melemo e meholo le ho feta. Ena ke ntho ea bohlokoa e fumanoeng hobane bajari ba APOE-e4 ba arabela ka tsela e fapaneng (mme hangata e mpe le ho feta) mekhoeng e sa t?oaneng [48,50]. Citicoline e ntlafalitse phello ea phekolo ea lithethefatsi bakeng sa lefu la Alzheimer le ho liehisa tsoelo-pele ea liteko tse peli tsa ho shebella (bakuli ba fetang 600) [51,52]. Likhotong tse nang le lefu la Alzheimer's, citicoline e sireletsa methapo ea mali ho tloha liphetohong tsa protheine le ho fokotsa phallo ea mali. Ka lebaka leo, likhoto li ne li e-na le mathata a fokolang a kelello le mohopolo o ntlafetseng [53]. Citicoline e ka thusa ho phekola lefu la Alzheimer le ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng, empa bopaki bo teng ba tleliniki bo fokola. Lefu la Parkinson Ho senyeha ha dopamine neurons ho lefu la Parkinson ho baka ho satalla mesifa, ho thothomela le mat?oao a mang. Ho likhoto tse nang le lefu la Parkinson, citicoline e imolla ho satalla mesifa ka ho eketsa maemo a dopamine bokong. E boetse e ntlafatsa phello ea phekolo e tloaelehileng [54,55]. Multiple sclerosis Ho senyeha ho hoholo ha sheath ea myelin ea letlapa la methapo ea ka ntle ho ka baka multiple sclerosis, e tsamaeang le ho senyeha ho matla ha 'mele le kutloisiso. Liphoofolo tse nang le multiple sclerosis, bo-rasaense ba hlokometse bokhoni ba citicoline ho ntlafatsa ho hlaphoheloa ha myelin le ho tsamaisana ha motlakase [56,57].

5) Mathata a kelello le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi

Ho tepella maikutlo Thutong ea bakuli ba 50, ho eketsa citicoline ho motho ea nang le khatello ea kelello (citalopram) ho ntlafalitse mat?oao a tepeletseng le ho hlaphoheloa [58]. Ho likhoto, CDP-choline e eketsa norepinephrine, dopamine, le maemo a serotonin bokong ba mohopolo, maikutlo le lits'ebeletso tsa motsamao [59,60]. Makhoba a Methamphetamine le k'hok'heine Citicoline e fokolitse mat?oao a tepeletseng ho makhoba a 60 a methamphetamine (meth), empa a se na phello t?ebelisong ea lithethefatsi (2000 mg / letsatsi bakeng sa likhoeli tse 3). Phuputsong e 'ngoe ea makhoba a 31 a methamphetamine, citicoline e ile ea sireletsa boko le ho fokotsa t?ebeliso ea lithethefatsi [61,62]. Ho makhoba a cocaine a fetang 130 a nang le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong, citicoline (500-2,000 mg bakeng sa likhoeli tse 3) e fokolitse t?ebeliso ea lithethefatsi empa ha ea ka ea ama maikutlo. Leha ho le joalo, tekong ea basebelisi ba 20 ba k'hok'heine e boima, ha ea ka ea hlahisa phello [63,64,65]. Tlhahlobo ea liteko tse robong e fihletse qeto ea hore citicoline e kanna ea ba le molemo o fokolang oa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi, haholo cocaine, empa e totobatsa tlhoko ea bopaki bo matla ba kliniki [66]. Citicoline e ntlafalitse phello ea phekolo e tloaelehileng ho bakuli ba 66 ba nang le schizophrenia. E ntlafatsa mat?oao ao ho thoeng ke "mabe" joalo ka botsoa maikutlong, puisano e fokolang, le ho satalla. Tsena li thata haholo ho li phekola ka lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng [67]. Ho batho ba baholo ba 24 ba phetseng hantle, CDP-choline e ntlafatsa tsebo ka ho susumetsa nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, eo ka kakaretso e sa sebetseng ho schizophrenia [26]. Lithuto tsa pele lia t?episa, empa ha ho na bopaki bo lekaneng ba ho t?ehetsa t?ebeliso ea citicoline ho phekola mafu a kelello le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi.