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Youdaoplaceholder0 1-??? ?????? ????????: ????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?
Youdaoplaceholder0 1.1 ???????: ?????????? ?????? ???? ?
???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? 500-?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?? ???????? (C??H??O??) ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ????????????? ????????: ????? / ????? ??????? ????? → ??????????? → ??????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ???????? ??????? ?: ??? ?????? 4 ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? 1 ? ??????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ??????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ????????? ????????? ?: ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 1.2 Sucralose: ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?
1976-???? ? ????????????? Tate & Lyle ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???? ????? (C??H??Cl?O?) ?? ????????????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ????????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ????????????? ????????: Sucrose chlorination → ????????? ????????? → ??????????? ? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ???????? ?????:
Youdaoplaceholder0 ???? ?????????: 1998-???? FDA ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? 2022-???? ??????? ????????? ?????? 1 ??????? 800 ?????? ????????? ??????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 2-??? ????????? ?????-???????: ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?
Youdaoplaceholder0 2.1 ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????????? ???? ?: ??????? → ??????? ?????????? ??????? + ???????? energy ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????-?????????: ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????% 10 ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? (???????? 50 ???? ????????).
Youdaoplaceholder0 ????? ?????????????? ?: ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? 35 ?????? ????? ????? ????????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 2.2 ??????????? ?????????? ?????????
Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????????? ???????????? ?: ???????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? → ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ???????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????? ?????? ?: FDA ? EFSA ?? JECFA ??????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? (ADI) ????? ????????? 5mg / kg;
Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????-????????? ????? ???????:
Youdaoplaceholder0 Gut ????????? ???????????????? ?: 2018-??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????: ????????????? (??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????) ° C 120 ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?: ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ???????????????? ??????:
?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????.
- ??? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? ?????
Youdaoplaceholder0 3-??? ???????? ?????: ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?
Youdaoplaceholder0 3.1 ??????????? ??????? ??????????
Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????? ??????? ?: ??????????????? ??????????? (Maillard ???????????) ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????. ??????????? ?? ?????????????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ???????? ?????????? ?: ????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ????????. ???????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????? ???????? ????????? ?: ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 3.2 ???????? ???? ???????????
Youdaoplaceholder0 ???????? ???????????: ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ? 2023-???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????% 25 ?????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????????? ???????????: ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ????????????? ????? ????? ?: ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ????: ?????-??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?
2021-???? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????% 14 ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ??????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 4-??? ??????? ???????: ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
Youdaoplaceholder0 4.1 ??????? ?????????: ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????
Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????? ???????? ?????: ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ???????????? ?????? ?: ???????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ?? ???????????? ????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????? ?????? ??? ?: ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 4.2 ???????????????? ????????? ??????????
Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?: ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? - ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????
Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????? ????????????? ?: ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 Gen Z ????????? ?:% 87 ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????.
Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????: ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?
??????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???. ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????: ? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ? ????? ?????????.