Njengoko iminyaka yabemi behlabathi, izifo ezingapheliyo ezinxulumene nobudala ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokutyeba ziyanda, kwaye ezi zifo ze-metabolic zibeka umthwalo onzima kubantu abadala kwaye zandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Intliziyo iphinda itshintshe ngokuguga, ekugqibeleni ikhokelela kuluhlu lwezifo zentliziyo ezinxulumene nobudala.

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Isifo se-Cardiovascular (CVD) sisongelo esibi kakhulu kubomi bomntu kunye nempilo yezifo eziqhelekileyo, eziqhelekileyo kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, kunye neziganeko eziphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokukhubazeka kunye neempawu eziphezulu zokufa. I-CVD inxulumene ne-myocardial fibrosis, ukunciphisa i-autophagy, ukunyuka kwe-mitochondrial oxidative stress kunye nokungalingani kwe-metabolic. Ke ngoko, unyango lwesizathu sokuqala se-CVD kuseyingxaki engxamisekileyo kwisayensi yanamhlanje kunye nokhathalelo lwezonyango.

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Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, uphando oluninzi luye lwagxininisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zendalo zokuthintela kunye nokunyangwa kwe-CVD. Iimveliso zendalo ziyiklasi enkulu yamaqumrhu ekhemikhali kunye neentlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo, ezifunyenwe ngokuyinhloko kwizityalo ezidliwayo kunye neyeza. Izifundo zibonise ukuba iindlela zokwenza unyango lwemveliso yendalo kwi-CVD ziquka: ukuvuselela i-autophagy, ukulibazisa ukulungiswa kwe-ventricular, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuphendula okuvuthayo, ukuvimbela i-apoptosis, kunye nokukhusela i-apoptosis yenhliziyo, kunye nokukhusela i-heart muscle ngokumelene ne-ischemia okanye i-ischemia / i-reperfusion (I / R) yokulimala.

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Iimveliso zendalo kunye neendlela zazo zokwenza

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I-autophagy eyandisiweyo

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Ukuguga kwe-cardiomyocytes kuxhomekeke kwi-autophagy, i-lysosomal mediated degradation pathway, ukususa i-protein enokuthi ibe yityhefu kunye ne-organelles eyonakalisiweyo. Ukulahleka kwe-autophagy kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Ithagethi ye-Mammalian ye-rapamycin (mTOR), i-serine / threonine protein kinase, ngumlawuli obalulekileyo we-homeostasis yesondlo kwizilwanyana ezincelisayo. Ukusebenza kwe-mTOR kuvimbela i-autophagy, ngelixa i-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) isebenza njengomlawuli ofanelekileyo we-autophagy, ngokuyinhloko ngokuvimbela i-mTOR complex.

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I-Resveratrol yi-polyphenol yendalo efumaneka kwizityalo ezininzi zokutya, ezifana ne-peanuts, i-cranberries, i-blueberries, kunye neediliya. Ineenzuzo ezahlukeneyo zempilo ezinokubakho, kubandakanywa ukuchasana nokudumba, i-antioxidant, i-anti-aging kunye ne-cardio-protective effects ezifana nokuphucula i-autophagy. Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-resveratrol inokukhuthaza i-autophagy ngokuvula i-AMPK ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, i-resveratrol inokubangela ukusinda kweeseli ngokuvula i-mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) indlela yokuphila.

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I-Berberine ikhutshwe kwiingcambu, i-rhizome kunye ne-bark yezityalo ezininzi zonyango kwaye ineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo ze-pharmacological, kubandakanywa ne-anti-inflammatory, antioxidant kunye ne-autophagy regulation. Njenge-activator ye-AMPK, i-berberine inokwenza i-autophagy ngokuvula i-AMPK kwaye inokuphucula i-autophagy ngokuvimbela i-mTOR.

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I-Curcumin yi-spice ephuma kwintsapho ye-ginger kwaye isoloko isetyenziswe kwi-curries. I-Curcumin inokubangela i-autophagy ngokuvimbela i-PI3K-AKT-mTOR indlela yokubonisa, ukuhla-ukulawula amanqanaba e-phosphorylation ye-AKT kunye ne-mTOR, i-LC3-II ephezulu, iphucula ukubonakaliswa kwe-BECN1, ukunciphisa intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-BECN1 kunye ne-BCL-2, kunye nokuphucula i-Fox1.

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Inqanda uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuvuvukala okungapheliyo

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Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokudumba okungapheliyo lolona tshintsho luphambili lweemolekyuli ezenzeka kwi-pathophysiology ye-CVD. Ukudumba kuhlala kusebenza kubantu abadala kwaye kungumngcipheko we-CVD. Ukulawulwa kwangoko kokudumba kunokuthintela okanye ukulibazisa ukwenzeka kunye nokuqhubekeka kwe-CVD.

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I-Sesamin yeyona lignin ininzi i-oyile-enyibilikayo kwimbewu yeesame kunye neoyile kwaye inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-pharmacological, kubandakanya imisebenzi ye-antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory. I-Sesamine inokulawula ukubonakaliswa kwe-PPARγ, i-LXRα kunye ne-ABCG1, ivuselela ukuphuma kwe-cholesterol kwi-macrophages, kwaye inqanda ngokufanelekileyo ukuqokelela kwe-cholesterol eyenziwa yi-LDL ene-oxidized, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela ukubunjwa kweeseli ze-foam kwi-macrophages.

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I-Lycopene yindalo ye-acyclic carotenoid efumaneka kwi-chloroplasts kunye ne-chromosomes yezityalo, kunye ne-cytoplasm ye-eukaryotes ethile efana ne-eubacteria kunye ne-algae. Ubungqina be-epidemiological bubonisa ukuba ukugxilwa kwe-serum lycopene kuhambelana ngokungafaniyo nomngcipheko we-CVD. I-Lycopene inciphisa iintlobo ze-oksijeni ezisebenzayo (i-ROS), inciphisa i-macrophage secretion ye-cytokines e-pro-inflammatory kunye ne-metalloproteinases, inqanda ukwanda kweeseli ze-muscle, kunye nokunciphisa i-monocytes. I-Lycopene inokuthintela iimpendulo ezivuthayo ngokuvimbela ukusebenza kwe-NF-κB, kwaye inokuchaphazela i-heterobiotic metabolism ngokuvula indlela ye-Nrf2 / ARE yokubhala.

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Ijinja sisityalo se-monocotyledonous sohlobo lweZingiberaceae. I-Ginger ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezicacisa i-ROS, kuquka i-peroxides. Zonke izithako ezisebenzayo kwi-ginger, ezifana ne-curcumin, i-gingerol, kunye ne-gingerone, zibonise umsebenzi we-antioxidant. [6] - I-Gingerol inokunyusa umsebenzi we-superoxide dismutase (SOD) ngokuvula indlela ye-PI3K / AKT yokubonisa kunye nokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-ROS kunye nokwakheka kwe-malondialdehyde kwi-cardiomyocytes ye-neonatal rat. Ukongezelela, i-ginger extracts ecebileyo kwi-6-curcumin Inokuthi isebenzise i-antioxidant imiphumo ngokubangela i-Nrf2. Ngokucacileyo, iziphumo zokukhusela i-vascular ye-ginger zixutywe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuvuvukala, ukwandisa i-nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, inhibiting i-vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, kunye nokukhuthaza i-autophagy.

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Ukuvinjelwa kokulungiswa kwe-myocardial

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Utshintsho lwesakhiwo olwenzeka ngexesha lokuguga kwentliziyo, kubandakanywa ukulungiswa kwe-myocardial ye-pathological progressive, izaziwa kwangaphambili ze-CVD. Inkqubo yokulungiswa kwe-myocardial ibonakaliswe ngotshintsho lwe-physiological and molecular olukhokelela kwi-cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, kunye ne-myocardium ukuvuvukala, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekunyukeni kokuqina kwe-ventricular, ukungasebenzi kwentliziyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. I-Angiotensin II ikhuthaza i-cardiomyocyte hypertrophy kwaye ivuselela ukwanda kwe-fibroblast kunye ne-extracellular matrix protein expression. I-AMPK idlala indima ephambili ekuphuhliseni i-CVD, kwaye ukusilela kwe-AMPK kukhulisa i-hypertrophy yentliziyo kwaye kwenza intliziyo ichaphazeleke ngakumbi.

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I-Cytokine eguqula ukukhula kwe-β1(TGF-β1) idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufakeni iifibroblasts zentliziyo ukuba zahluke kwiifibroblasts zentliziyo. I-FoxO1 yinto ekhutshelweyo ebandakanyekayo kwi-apoptosis, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokwahlukana kweeseli. I-TGF-β1 ivuselela ukubonakaliswa kwe-FoxO1, kunye ne-fibroblasts ye-cardiac, i-TGF-β1 iyanciphisa i-FoxO1 phosphorylation, inyusa i-FoxO1 yendawo yenyukliya, inyusa amanqanaba eprotheni ye-FoxO1, kwaye ikhuthaza ukuhlukana kwee-fibroblasts zenhliziyo kwi-fibroblasts yenhliziyo.

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I-Baicalin yi-compound yendalo ekhutshwe kwiingcambu ezomileyo ze-scutellaria baicalensis. I-Baicalin inqanda ukunyanzeliswa kwe-fibrosis ye-cardiac overload overload ngokumodareyitha i-AMPK / TGF-β / Smads iindlela zokubonisa. Imiphumo emihle ye-baicalin ibandakanya ukulawulwa kwe-cardiac fibrosis kwi-vivo kunye ne-vitro ngokuvula indlela yokubonisa i-AMPK / TGF-β / Smads. I-Baicalin ikwanqanda i-Smad3 kunye nokufuduswa kwenyukliya kwe-Smad3 nge-transcription co-activator p300, ngaloo ndlela inqanda uphuhliso lwe-angiotensin II-mediated cardiac fibrosis.

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I-Epicatechin yeyona polyphenol ye-bioactive kwiti eluhlaza kwaye iyi-antioxidant enamandla. I-Epicatechin inciphisa i-angiotensin II kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hypertrophy ye-cardiac overload. I-Epicatechin inqanda ukubonakaliswa kwe-angiotensin II-induced c-Fos kunye ne-c-Jun proteins, ngaloo ndlela inqanda umsebenzi we-AP-1. Ukongezelela, i-epicatechin inokuthintela umsebenzi we-NF-κB ngokuvimbela i-ROS-exhomekeke kwi-p38 kunye ne-JNK iindlela zokubonisa, kunye nokuvinjelwa kokusebenza kwe-AP-1 kuyiphumo le-epicatechin evimbela ukuqhubela phambili kwe-hypertrophy ye-cardiac ngokuthintela ukuguqulwa kwe-EGFR kunye neziganeko zayo ezisezantsi ERK/PI0bimTOR/ApKT / ApKT / ApKT I-peptide ye-atrial natriuretic kunye ne-B-type ye-sodium Ukuvuselelwa kwe-peptides ye-urinary kunye nokuvinjelwa kwe-cardiac hypertrophy progression. I-Epicatechin iphinda inqanda ukuveliswa kwe-ROS eyenziwe nge-angiotensin II kunye ne-NADPH inkcazo ye-oxidase, ngaloo ndlela inqanda i-cardiac hypertrophy kunye nokulungiswa kwentliziyo.

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Olu hlaziyo luchaza ukubanakho kweemveliso zendalo zokuthintela kunye nokunyangwa kwesifo senhliziyo. Njengoko abantu behlabathi bekhula, izifo zentliziyo ezinxulumene nokwaluphala ziba yingxaki enkulu yezempilo yoluntu. Iimveliso zendalo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuthintelo kunye nonyango lwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okubalulekileyo kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu.

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Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zendalo ezifana ne-resveratrol, i-berberine, i-curcumin, i-lycopene, i-ginger, i-baicalein, i-epicatechin, i-ellagic acid, i-honokiol, i-poria, i-tanshinone IIA kunye ne-marigonin E ineendlela ezininzi zokwenza ukunyusa i-autophagy, inhibiting oxidative restress inhibiting inhibiting stress, i-myocardial inhibiting kunye nokuvuvukala okungapheliyo. i-apoptosis, kunye nokuthintela ischemia / ukwenzakala kwakhona. Ezi mveliso zendalo zidlala indima yokukhusela intliziyo ngokulawula iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa iimpawu, ezifana ne-mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, njl.

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Ukongezelela, ukutya okunengqiqo, njengokwandisa ukutya kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno, ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kweti eluhlaza, njl., kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo. Izifundo ezininzi ze-epidemiological kunye nolingo lwezonyango ziyaluxhasa olu luvo. Ngokukodwa, iikhompawundi zendalo ezifana neekatechin kwiti eluhlaza, i-lycopene kwiitumato, kunye ne-gingerol kwijinja zibonise iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela kwintliziyo.

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Nangona kunjalo, nangona iimveliso zendalo zinesithembiso esikhulu kwinkalo yothintelo kunye nolawulo lwezifo zentliziyo, kusekho imingeni kunye nemida. Umzekelo, i-bioavailability yezinye iimveliso zendalo iphantsi, indlela yokusebenza ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukusebenza kweklinikhi kufuna ukuqinisekiswa ngakumbi. Ukongeza, kunokubakho ukusebenzisana phakathi kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo zendalo, kwaye ukulungiswa kwedosi kunye nobude bonyango kufuna uphando olongezelelweyo.