I-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) luhlobo lwe-polymeric fiber ether efunyenwe ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali zeselulosi yendalo. Ubume bayo buqulunqwe ikakhulu yiyunithi ye-D-glucose edityaniswe ngu-β (1→ 4) i-glucoside bond. Ichithwa emanzini abandayo ukwenza isisombululo se-viscous. I-viscosity yesisombululo ihambelana ne-vitamin eluhlaza ye-DP (ephezulu, ephakathi, ephantsi), kunye neemeko zoxinaniso kunye nokutshatyalaliswa, umzekelo: ukuchithwa kunye nokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu e-shear kwisisombululo, ukuba i-CMC i-DS ephantsi, okanye ukuhanjiswa kokutshintshwa akulingani, ngoko i-gel aggregate iveliswa; Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba i-DS ephezulu kunye nokutshintshwa kuhanjiswe ngokulinganayo, isisombululo esicacileyo kunye nesifanayo senziwe.

Ezinye izinto ezinokutshintsha ukunyibilika kunye ne-viscosity yezisombululo ze-CMC zibushushu, i-PH, ityuwa, iswekile okanye ezinye iipolima.

Iziphumo zobushushu:
Xa ubushushu besisombululo seCMC sanda, i-viscosity yesisombululo iyancipha (njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1). Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yexesha elifutshane lokufudumeza, xa ubushushu buhla kwiqondo lokushisa lokuqala, isisombululo sinokubuyisela i-viscosity yokuqala. Ukuba ubushushu bokufudumala kunye nexesha elide (elifana ne-125 ℃, iyure eli-1), i-viscosity yesisombululo iyancipha ngenxa yokuthotywa kwe-cellulose. Le meko, efana nokubulala iintsholongwane zokutya kwenzeka
PH iziphumo:
Kwi-CMC, isisombululo, i-PH acidic, inovakalelo kakhulu, kuba i-CMC-NA iya kuguqulwa ibe yi-CMC-H, enganyibilikiyo. Ukuze ulawule ukunyibilika okulungileyo kwe-CMC kwimidiya ene-acidic, idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukunyibilika nge-DS ephezulu (0.8-0.9) nangaphambi kokuba ungeze i-asidi.

Isiphumo setyuwa: I-CMC luhlobo lwe-anionic, lunokusabela ngetyuwa ukwenza ityuwa ye-CMC enyibilikayo, ityuwa ye-bivalent okanye i-trivalent, emva koko ikhuthaze ukubunjwa kwenethiwekhi engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi, okanye ibangele ukuncipha kwe-viscosity ye-CMC, okanye ibangele i-gelation okanye imvula, ukuba i-CMC iqala ukuchithwa emanzini, kwaye emva koko yongeza ityuwa, impembelelo incinci.

Iimpembelelo zezinye izinto:
Utshintsho lukwabangelwa ukongezwa kwezinyibilikisi ezithile, okanye ezinye ezifana neswekile, istatshi kunye neentsini.

Ezinye iipropati:
Isisombululo samanzi se-CMC sithixotropic. Isisombululo samanzi se-CMC sibonisa ukuziphatha kwepseudoplastic ngesantya esiphezulu sokucheba. Ke ngoko, kuxhomekeke kwireyithi yokucheba, isisombululo se-CMC esineviscosity ephezulu sinokuba yi-viscosity esezantsi kunesisombululo se-CMC se-viscosity ephakathi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC ekutyeni

I-CMC-Na isetyenziswa ikakhulu ekutyeni njenge-thickener, i-stabilizer, njl., kwaye inokunceda ekufumaneni ulwakhiwo olufunwayo lombutho, kunye neempawu zoluvo ezifunwayo. Ngenxa yale misebenzi mininzi, i-CMC isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokutya, ngoku yaziswa koku kulandelayo:

Okokuqala, dessert ekhenkcezisiweyo - ice cream - iswekile amanzi sorbet

Kwiimveliso ezinqabileyo, i-stabilizer kufuneka yongezwe ukugcina umbutho wemveliso uzinzile ekusebenziseni. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi zokuzinzisa, i-CMC yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuzinzisa i-ayisikrimu kunye nezinye iimveliso ezikhenkcezisiweyo. Isizathu kukuba, okokuqala, xa i-CMC ihlakazekile kakuhle, inokuchithwa ngokukhawuleza emanzini, yenze i-viscosity efunekayo, kwaye inokulawula ukwandiswa kakuhle. Okwesibini, i-CMC, njengamanye ama-stabilizers, inokulawula ukubunjwa kweekristale zeqhwa, igcine iyunifomu kunye nentlangano engaguqukiyo, kwaye igcine uzinzo xa imveliso igcinwa, nokuba iphindwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekhenkcezini / inyibilika. I-CMC isetyenziswa kwimilinganiselo emincinci kwaye inika iipropati ezibalaseleyo zeemvakalelo (ubume kunye nencasa).

Kwi-ayisikrimu enamafutha aphantsi kunye ne-milk sorties, i-CMC kuthiwa ixutywe ne-10-15% ye-carrageenan ukunqanda ukwahlulwa komxube phambi kokuba kukhenkcezwe. Ngokuhla komxholo wamafutha, isixa se-CMC sinyuka ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye isakhiwo esinamafutha kunye nesityibiliki sinokufumaneka.

I-CMC isenokusetyenziswa njengesizinzisi kwiziselo zejusi yeziqhamo ezihlaziyayo. Kwi-sorbet yamanzi eswekile, i-CMC inokukhulula ivumba kwaye inciphise umphumo wombala wokufihla kunye nencasa.

Kwiimveliso zobisi ezikhenkcezisiweyo ezifana nomxube owomileyo, malunga ne-0.2% ye-CMC stabilizer inokongezwa, kunye nesiraphu, isixa se-CMC sinokuphakama njenge-0.75 ~ 1%. Ngokubanzi, isixa seCMC esongeziweyo siyahluka ngokwezithako zemveliso ekhenkcezisiweyo. Kwamanye amazwe, izinto zezityalo zisetyenziswa endaweni yamafutha obisi, ukutya okuswiti okwenziweyo okufana ne-sorbitol kuyasetyenziswa endaweni yeswekile kwi-ayisikrimu, kwaye i-CMC nayo ingasetyenziswa.

Isibini, ukutya okubhakiweyo

Impahla ebhakiweyo ibandakanya iintlobo ezininzi: njengesonka esikhethekileyo, iikeyiki ezahlukeneyo, iipayi, iifritters njalo njalo.

Kwimveliso yesonka, isonka kunye nezinye iimveliso, yintlama njengesiseko sezinto, kuba i-CMC ngokukhawuleza, inokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nezithako ezahlukeneyo, ngokukhawuleza ifumane intlama encangathi. Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC ukulungelelanisa izithako, amanzi amaninzi ukuba afakwe ngakumbi, ngegrama ye-CMC, amanzi phakathi kwe-20 ukuya ku-40, isixa se-CMC siyahluka kunye nemveliso, ngokubanzi i-0.1 ukuya kwi-0.4% yesiqina.

Ukongezwa kwe-CMC kwiimveliso ezibhakiweyo kunokuphucula ukufana kwentlama kunye nokusasazwa kwezithako, ezifana neerasintyisi okanye iziqhamo zekristale. Ezi zithako zinokusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwimveliso xa kubhaka.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, amanzi adityanisiweyo anokugcinwa ngexesha lokubhaka ukufumana iimveliso ezithambileyo, nokuba ziintsuku ezimbalwa, ngoko ke i-CMC inokucothisa ukuguga kweemveliso. Ngenxa yokuba ingaphakathi liqukethe amaqhekeza athambileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa ukwanda komthamo wemveliso.

I-CMC inokuphucula ukwakheka kwezicubu zokuzaliswa, izongezelelo kunye ne-icing, ngelixa ugwema ukuncipha kwamanzi okuzaliswa kunye nokulawula i-icing yeekristale zeswekile. Kwiimveliso ezithambileyo, i-CMC yozinzo lwesakhiwo, ingasetyenziswa yodwa, ingasetyenziswa kunye nezinye izongezo.
3. Iziselo ezithambileyo

I-CMC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiziselo ezithambileyo ukwenza ijusi ye-levitate, ukuphucula incasa kunye noburhabaxa, ukuphelisa ukubunjwa kwamakhonkco e-oyile kwiibhotile, kunye nokukhusela i-aftertaste ekrakra engathandekiyo ye-sweeteners eyenziweyo.

Isiphumo se-CMC kwiziselo sinxulumene nothotho lweeparamitha, njengemodeli ye-CMC, i-viscosity, ukusetyenziswa kwe-CMC, uhlobo lwesiselo esithambileyo kunye nezithako.

Ngokubanzi, umyalelo wokongezwa kunye ne-homogenization yezithako zinempembelelo encinci ekuzinzeni. Kwesinye imeko, i-CMC yongezwa, ngokukhethekileyo ekupheleni kwemveliso. Oku kuphucula uzinzo.

Nangona i-viscosity ayisoloko ingunobangela wokunqunyanyiswa kwejusi, idla ngokuboniswa kwi-25°Brix iziselo zejusi kwaye kulula ukuzinzisa kuneziselo eziselwa ngoko nangoko ezine-7-10% eziqinileyo ezinyibilikayo.

4. Iimveliso zobisi

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeemveliso: iimveliso ezingathathi hlangothi, ezifana ne-dessert cream; Iimveliso ze-Acidic, ezifana neziselo ze-yogurt.

Iimveliso ezingathathi hlangothi: I-CMC inokuthi idibaniswe ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo ze-dessert cream, i-CMC inokuphelisa ukuchithwa kwe-starch, i-carrageenan okanye i-CMC carrageenan, ngoko inokwenziwa ukugcina i-cream etyumkileyo ezinzileyo.

I-Yoghurt: I-CMC isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-yoghurt, exhaphake kakhulu, ngenxa yobume bayo be-anionic, evumela ukuba i-casein iphendule kwi-PH isoelectric point range (PH4.6) ukwenza unyango lobushushu obunyibilikayo kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ezizinzileyo. Ngoko ke, uluhlu lweemveliso lunokuveliswa kwaye luzinziswe: njengobisi omuncu, iziphuzo, ibhotela, iimveliso zobisi, iziphuzo zejusi yobisi, njl.

Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekufezekiseni uzinzo oluhle. Okokuqala, isixa se-CMC esongeziweyo kufuneka simiselwe. Oku kuhambelana nohlobo lwe-CMC (kwinqanaba elifanayo elilinganayo, ukuzinza kohlobo oluphezulu lwe-viscosity lungcono); Inxulumene ne-casein content ratio; Enxulumene nexabiso le-PH yesiselo; Ngokunxulumene nokubiliswa okanye iimeko ze-asidi, inokuvelisa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwe-casein aggregates. Ukuhambelana kwemveliso kuhambelana nomlinganiselo weCMC, amanqatha, umbandela oqinileyo, kwaye unxulumene nonyango lomatshini, njenge-homogenization phantsi koxinzelelo, olunokunciphisa ukuhambelana kodwa aluchaphazeli ukuzinza.

Ukhilimu omuncu, ubisi omuncu, i-cream cheese jam, njl., nako ukongeza ukuzinza kweCMC.

I-CMC kunye nezinye iiproteni zinokwenza ii-soluble complexes, ezifana neprotheni yesoya, i-gelatin.

Ukugqoka isaladi kunye neejam ezahlukeneyo

I-CMC isetyenziselwa ukwenza isaladi yokugqoka, kwaye kulula ukwenza i-emulsion, ngakumbi xa igcinwe ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko zokushisa ezingafanelekanga, ezinokuphucula ukuzinza kwayo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-consistency efunwayo kunye nomxholo weoli, sebenzisa i-medium-viscosity okanye i-high-viscosity CMC, isixa siphakathi kwe-0.5-1%. Ukuveliswa kwesaladi yokugqoka kwenziwa ngokudibanisa ngokuthe ngcembe ioli kwisigaba samanzi se-CMC kwaye siyivuselele. Le ndlela yokusebenza inokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo, xuba izithako kakuhle, usasaze emanzini ngefolokhwe okanye i-whisk, ugxobhoze imizuzu embalwa, udibanise ngokukhawuleza ioli ukwenza i-emulsion. Xa i-CMC inganyibiliki kwinkqubo, ichithwa kwioli, phantsi kwesenzo samandla aphezulu wokucheba, xa isigaba samanzi sinezinye izithako (ezifana neqanda leqanda, iviniga, ityuwa ...). Xa i-emulsification yenziwe.

I-CMC ingasetyenziselwa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeejam njengokutya okunzulu okunomkhenkce. Ngenxa yeempawu zeCMC, izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zinokusekwa
(i-smooth, ide okanye ifutshane), ngokukodwa, inamandla okufunxa amanzi kunye nokuthintela ukungabikho kwamanzi kunye nokunciphisa xa kuchithwa kwaye kushushu kwi-oven.

Kwisosi yetamatato, i-CMC yongezwa ukunika ukuhambelana okufunwayo kunye nokuthungwa. I-dosage yi-0.5-1%, eyancipha njengoko inani le-tomato elisetyenzisiweyo lisanda.

6. Imveliso ye-cream cream cream

I-CMC ingasetyenziswa njenge-stabilizer ye-tissue ekhululekileyo (i-pore) yeemveliso, ukusuka ekuzinzeni kwesiphumo sokuqwalaselwa, isiphumo se-HPC sogwebu lugqwesileyo, xa sona kunye namanqatha emifuno kunye ukwenza izongezo ezinogwebu, umphumo ulungile kakhulu.

Isiphumo saso esibalulekileyo sokuzinzisa kukuthintela ukubophelela kwe-caking kunye ne-fat particles, ukukhusela i-stratification yesigaba se-liquid ngexesha lokugcinwa, kunye nokuthintela ukuncipha kunye nokuncipha kwamanzi.

8. Ezinye izicelo

CMC Ezinye izicelo:
Ixabiso le-calorific ye-CMC liphantsi. Ngoko ke, i-CMC isetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso eziphantsi kweekhalori.

Ekutyeni okukhawulezayo, i-CMC ichithwa ngokukhawuleza, inika ukuhambelana okuthile kunye nokuthungwa, okunokumisa icandelo elithile, njengekhofi kwiziselo zetshokolethi.

Kwiimveliso zenyama, i-CMC isetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqina yokugalela i-gravy kunye nokuthintela ukwahlukana kwamafutha. Kwakhona kuneempembelelo zokubambisana kunye nokubamba amanzi ukuthintela ukucutha kwenyama yesoseji.