I-1.Calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (CaHMB)

I-HMB yimveliso ephakathi ye-leucine metabolism, enokukhuthaza iprotheni synthesis kunye nokunciphisa ukubola kwayo, ukukhawuleza ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha, ukulibazisa ukukhathala kwemisipha, kunye nesondlo esitsha.

Ukuxinezeleka ngexesha lokuzilolonga ngamandla kubangela umonakalo kwi-membrane yeseli ye-muscle, kwaye izinga lokubola kweprotheyini lidlula izinga le-synthesis, okubangela ukuchithwa kweprotheni. I-HMB inokusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-cholesterol kunye nokulungisa iiseli zemisipha ngokukhawuleza.

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuncedisa i-HMB kunceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokunyamezela, kwaye i-dose eyongezelelweyo ye-HMB iphakathi kwe-0.5g / d kunye ne-3g / d, kwaye ukongeza le dose ngexesha lokuzivocavoca ngamandla kunempembelelo entle ekukhuleni kwamandla, ukuzuza ubunzima bomzimba kunye nokunciphisa umzimba.

Ngenxa yokuba isiqingatha sobomi be-HMB bufutshane, ziiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 kuphela, ukuba idosi enkulu yeHMB ithatyathwa ngaxeshanye, ukuxinwa kweHMB egazini kuya kubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kweeyure ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba i-HMB ithathwe kathathu ngemini ukuyinceda idlale indima engcono, kwaye i-HMB yongezwa ngcono kunye nezinye i-amino acids.

2.Lycopene

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-lycopene ine-antioxidant, i-immune cell activation, ukhuseleko lwe-cardiovascular and anti-aging effects. Umphumo we-antioxidant we-lycopene ubonakaliswa ikakhulu ekucimeni kwayo ngokufanelekileyo i-oksijini ye-singlett kunye nokucoca i-peroxide yamahhala.

Ngethuba lokuzilolonga ngokugqithiseleyo, i-metabolites ene-acidic iqokelela, i-radicals yamahhala iveliswa, kwaye ihlasela iiseli zezicubu, ezibangela ukuthotywa okanye ukungasebenzi kwe-nucleic acids, iiprotheni, i-lipids kunye nezinye i-biomolecules, okubangelwa umonakalo omkhulu kwisakhiwo seseli kunye nomsebenzi, oboniswa njengomsebenzi we-anemia kunye nokuzivocavoca okugqithiseleyo emva kokuphucula i-hemolysis, i-serum enzymes kunye ne-m. Iimpawu zokudinwa kwemisipha kunye nokulibaziseka kobuhlungu bemisipha.

Ukongeza, i-lycopene inokukhusela i-phagocytes kumonakalo we-oxidative, ikhuthaze ukwanda kwe-T kunye ne-B lymphocytes, ivuselele umsebenzi weeseli ze-T, ikhulise amandla e-macrophages, iiseli ze-cytotoxic T kunye neeseli ezibulalayo zendalo (NK), ukunciphisa umonakalo oxidative we-lymphocyte DNA kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwee-cytokines ezithile.

Ukongezelela, i-lycopene inefuthe lokunyusa i-LDL kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba e-LDL (ox), enokukhusela inkqubo ye-cardiovascular system kunye nokunciphisa ukuvela kwezifo zentliziyo. I-Lycopene inezibonelelo zobutyebi obuninzi, ukhuseleko kunye ne-non-toxic, kwaye ixabiso layo liye laqatshelwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngabantu. Nangona uphando kunye nokuveliswa kwe-lycopene e-China kusebuncinaneni bayo, kusekho izibonelelo ezininzi.

3.I-Chito-oligosaccharides kunye ne-derivatives yazo

Uphando olutshanje lubonise ukuba i-chitosaccharides kunye ne-derivatives yazo inamandla okunciphisa amandla, inokususa ngokufanelekileyo i-hydroxyl radicals kunye ne-anions ye-superoxide, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-malondialdehyde (MDA), kunye nokwandisa imisebenzi ye-superoxide dismutase (SOD) kunye ne-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).

I-Xu Qingsong et al idliwe iigundane kunye ne-low, medium and high (50,167,500 mg· kg-1 · d-1) iidosi ze-chitosan oligosaccharides ngeveki enye, ngokulandelanayo, kwaye zafumanisa ukuba imilinganiselo ephakathi kunye nephezulu ye-chitosan oligosaccharides inokuthintela ngokuphawulekayo ukwanda komxholo we-MDA kwizicubu zesibindi ze-20OD, kunye nokwandisa kwi-isibindi izicubu zeegundane01 kunye nokwanda kwe-0OD yesibindi. izicubu (P

Indlela ye-chitosan oligosaccharides ekhusela isibindi inokuba ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo omhle we-antioxidant, ophucula umsebenzi we-antioxidant enzymes ezifana ne-SOD emzimbeni, unciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-radicals yamahhala kwi-lipid membrane kunye ne-membrane ye-mitochondrial, kwaye emva koko iyanciphisa umxholo we-MDA, imveliso ye-lipid peroxidation.

4.I-polysaccharides yeWolfberry

I-Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekutyeni, kodwa kukho izifundo ezimbalwa malunga nomphumo wokuxhaswa kwe-LBP kumsebenzi wokuzivikela wabadlali.

Uphando luka-Li Lei lubonisa ukuba i-Lycium barbarum polysaccharide inokuqulatha i-SOD ecebileyo, eyi-enzyme yensimbi yendalo yonke enokuphelisa i-radicals yamahhala kwizinto eziphilayo, kwaye inokuphumeza indima yokulawula ukugonywa kwe-humoral ngokususa i-radicals yamahhala.

5.Ipolyphenols zomdiliya

Izifundo zakutsha nje ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe zibonise ukuba iipolyphenols zomdiliya zinemisebenzi emininzi, efana ne-anti-oxidation, anti-aging, ukukhuselwa kweeseli ze-vascular endothelial kunye ne-anti-cancer.

Iipolyphenols zomdiliya ziikhompawundi ze-phenolic, eziqulathe ngaphezulu kwamaqela amabini e-hydroxyl ayi-ortho enye kwenye, kwaye iqela le-acidic hydroxyl elikwiringi ye-benzene linomthamo owomeleleyo wokubonelela nge-hydrogen.

Indlela yayo yokulwa ne-antioxidant iyafana neyezinye i-phenolic antioxidants, oko kukuthi, njengomnikeli we-hydrogen ogqwesileyo, iiradicals zasimahla zinokuguqulwa zibe ziiradicals ezizinzileyo nge-resonance, ukuze zenze ukuba zingasebenzi iiradicals zasimahla kwaye zinqumle ukusabela kwetyathanga leeradicals zasimahla, ngaloo ndlela ilibazisa ukusabela kwekhonkco lokuzenzekelayo oxidation ye-asidi ye-oxidation ye-unsaturated kunye ne-acidity edlala indima ye-asidi kwi-acid acid.

Umlandeli u-Haizhan uqinisekisile umphumo omhle we-polyphenol yomdiliya (i-OPC) njenge-antioxidant yendalo, enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo amanqanaba e-MDA kwi-skeletal muscle kunye nesibindi seegundane emva kokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuphucula umsebenzi we-SOD kunye nomthamo we-antioxidant opheleleyo womzimba, kwaye udlale indima enhle ekupheliseni impembelelo yenani elikhulu leeradicals zamahhala emzimbeni, ukuphucula amandla okwenza umthambo kunye nokulibaziseka.