Citicolinei-nucleotide eyodwa eyenziwe yi-nucleic acid, i-cytosine, i-pyrophosphate kunye ne-choline, esetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwezonyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo ze-neurodeergenerative, ezifana nesifo se-Alzheimer, i-multiple sclerosis, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis njalo njalo. Uphononongo lukwabonise ukuba i-citicoline inokonyusa ingqondo ye-dopamine kunye ne-glutamate, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo. I-Ciphocholine inokunciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-fatty acids yamahhala kwaye ibuyisele umsebenzi we-ATPase ye-mitochondrial kunye ne-membrane yeseli Na +/K + ATPase, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukulimala kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela ze-pathophysiological zezifo ze-neurodeergenerative zintsonkothile kwaye zibandakanya ukunqongophala kwe-cholinergic, i-glutamate excitotoxicity, i-neuroinflammation, i-immune dysregulation, ukuncipha kwemetabolism yeglucose, kunye nokuwohloka komqobo wegazi.

Citicolineinokuzinzisa i-membrane yeseli ngokuvuselela i-S-adenosine-L-methionine, ukwandisa ubunzima be-dendrite kunye ne-spinous process density ye-motor neuron structure, ukuphucula i-plasticity ye-nerve kwiindawo ezingonakalanga, kunye nokukhuthaza ukubuyiswa komsebenzi.

I-Citicoline inokunciphisa inqanaba le-lecithin phosphate e-soluble yamanzi ngokunyusa i-choline phosphate cytidylytransferase (CCT) kwaye inqanda umsebenzi we-secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) okanye inqanda ukusebenza kwe-PLA2 ngokuvimbela i-TNF-a / IL-1b ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa apho i-phosphoslipid ye-nerve kunye ne-membrane yokwandisa i-phosphoslipid.

I-Citicoline inokunyusa ukubonakaliswa kwezinto ezichasene ne-apoptotic ezifana ne-Bcl-2 kunye nokuvimbela ukukhululwa kwe-glutamate ukunciphisa i-cytotoxicity.

I-Ciphocholine ikhuthaza ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kweeseli ezonakalisiweyo kunye neembrane ze-mitochondrial, igcina i-cell tightness kunye nomsebenzi webhayoloji, kwaye iyanciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-asidi yamahhala, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa i-metabolites enetyhefu enetyhefu kunye nokuveliswa kwe-radical yamahhala.

I-Citicoline inokunyusa i-vasopressin kunye ne-plasma adrenotropin amanqanaba, kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhululwa kwe-hormone yokukhula, i-thyrotropin kunye ne-hormone ye-luteinizing.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulungiselela i-citicoline sodium, ngokukodwa iindlela ezintathu.

Enye kukubiliswa kweentsholongwane. Le ndlela ineengxaki ezithile ezifana nokugxininiswa kwemveliso ephantsi kunye nesivuno esingazinzanga.

Enye yi-organic chemical synthesis. Kukho ezinye iingxaki kule ndlela, ezifana imveliso kunzima ukwahlula kumxube shrinkage, ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa amayeza, izinga lokuguqulwa reaction eliphantsi, ezininzi by-imveliso, ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nongcoliseko olunzulu lokusingqongileyo.

Kukwakho ne-enzymatic synthesis method, efana nokusetyenziswa kodaka lwebhiya yeast kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms ze-biosynthesis. Iiseli zodaka zomdidiyeli wasimahla ziye zasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-enzymatic. Inkqubo yayilula, izinga lokuguqulwa laliphezulu kwaye ixabiso liphantsi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-citicoline sodium edityaniswe yi-enzymatic synthesis inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: inkqubo ye-enzymatic synthesis kunye nenkqubo yokutsalwa kunye neyokucoca.

Ithathwe ngomlomo, ixutywe ngokukhawuleza, ifakwe i-hydrolyzed emathunjini kunye nesibindi kwi-choline kunye ne-cytosine, engena egazini, inqumle umqobo wegazi-ingqondo, kwaye iphinde idibanise kwi-citicoline kwinkqubo ye-nervous central, apho i-80% ye-phospholipid synthesis ichaphazeleka ngokugxilwa kwe-citicoline emzimbeni.

Ukongezelela, i-citicoline iguqulwa ibe yi-acetylcholine kwinkqubo ye-nervous central kwaye i-oxidized ibe i-betaine kwizintso kunye nesibindi. I-solubility yamanzi ye-citicoline ilungile, i-bioavailability iphezulu njenge-90%, kwaye kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-1% ikhutshwe kwi-stool emva kokulawulwa komlomo. Kukho iincopho ezi-2 zokufunxa kwi-plasma, iyure eli-1 kunye neeyure ezingama-24 emva kokungena.

Kwiimodeli zeempuku, amanqanaba e-radiolabelled citicoline anda ngokuthe chu engqondweni kwiiyure ezili-10 emva kokuginya kwaye asasazwa ngokubanzi kumbandela omhlophe kunye nongwevu wengqondo. Ugxininiso oluphezulu luhlala kwiiyure ze-48, kwaye ukupheliswa kwayo kucotha kakhulu, kunye nenani elincinci elikhutshwa imihla ngemihla ngomchamo, indle, kunye nokuphefumla. Ukungena ngaphandle kwe-citicoline kunokukhuthaza ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kweembrane zeseli ezonakalisiweyo kunye ne-mitochondria, ukugcina ingqibelelo yeeseli kunye nokusebenza kwebhayoloji, kunye nokuthintela i-apoptosis kunye nokufa.