Olu luphononongo lwakutsha nje, olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi elidumileyo leZondlo ngoFebruwari 2024, nguLigia J. Dominguez kunye nabanye abavela kwiYunivesithi yasePalermo kunye neYunivesithi yase-Enna eItali. Baye baphonononga ngokucwangcisiweyo ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-magnesium kunye nezalathi zokuguga emzimbeni womntu, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba le minerali eqhelekileyo inokuthoba isantya sokuguga, nto leyo emangalisa ngokwenene!

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Iingcebiso eziphambili:

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1. I-Magnesium yinto yesine eyona nto ininzi yamaminerali emzimbeni womntu kwaye ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nomsebenzi we-enzymes ezingaphezu kwe-600, ezichaphazela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-physiological.

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I-2.Ukusilela kwe-Magnesium kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala, ehambelana nezinto ezininzi ezifana nezakhi zofuzo, indawo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Amanqanaba anganelanga e-magnesium emzimbeni anokukhawuleza inkqubo yokuguga.

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3. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba i-magnesium inokuchaphazela iimpawu ze-12 eziphambili zokuguga, kubandakanywa ukungazinzi kwe-genomic, ukunciphisa i-telomere, kunye neenguqu ze-epigenetic. Ukuxhaswa kwe-Magnesium kulindeleke ukulibazisa ukuguga kunye nokuphucula ukulindela impilo.

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Nasi isishwankathelo esineenkcukacha zenqaku lokuqala:

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Ukunqongophala kwe-Magnesium kukhawuleza iimpawu ze-12 zokuguga

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Ukungazinzi kweGenomic: I-Magnesium iqinisa i-DNA double helix structure kwaye ibandakanyeka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa i-DNA. Ukunqongophala kwe-Magnesium kunokukhokelela ekuqokeleleni komonakalo we-DNA, ukwanda kokuguqulwa kofuzo, kunye nokuguga okukhawulezileyo.

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I-telomere shortening: Ii-telomeres zilandelelana ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekupheleni kweechromosomes ezikhusela i-genome emonakalweni. I-Magnesium izinzile ekupheleni.

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Utshintsho lwe-Epigenetic: Utshintsho lwe-epigenetic kwi-gene expression yenzeke ngaphandle kokuguqula ukulandelelana kwe-DNA. I-Magnesium ilawula iindlela ze-epigenetic ezifana ne-DNA methylation kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-histone.

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Ukungalingani kweprotheyini ye-homeostasis: iprotein synthesis kunye nokuwohloka ngaphakathi kweseli ifikelela kwibhalansi eguqukayo, ebizwa ngokuba yiprotein homeostasis. I-Magnesium ibandakanyeka ekulawuleni umsebenzi we-proteasome kunye ne-lysosome, kwaye ukunqongophala kwe-magnesium kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kweeprotheni eziphosakeleyo.

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Ukuphazamiseka kwimbono yesondlo: I-insulin / I-IGF-1 kunye nezinye iindlela zokubonisa iimpawu zibona imeko yesondlo seselula kunye nokulawula imetabolism. I-Magnesium yi-cofactor ye-insulin receptors kunye ne-downstream kinases, kunye nokusilela kwe-magnesium kubangela ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin.

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Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweMitochondrial: IMitochondria ziifektri zamandla eselula, kwaye iDNA yazo kunye namatyathanga okuphefumla zisesichengeni sokonakala. I-Magnesium yi-cation yesibini eninzi kakhulu kwi-mitochondria, ebandakanyeka kwi-ATP synthesis kunye ne-antioxidant, kwaye ukungabikho kwe-magnesium kwandisa umonakalo we-mitochondrial.

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Ukuvela kweeseli zeseli: iiseli zeseli ziyayeka ukwahlukana, zikhuphe izinto ezibangela ukudumba, kwaye zitshabalalise ubume bendalo. I-Magnesium inokuthintela umjikelo weseli wokuthintela iiproteni p53 kunye ne-p21 kunye nokulibazisa ukuvela kweeseli.

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I-Stem cell Depletion: Iiseli ze-Stem zinoxanduva lokuvuselelwa kwezicubu kunye nokulungiswa, kwaye inani labo kunye nomsebenzi wabo uyancipha ngenxa yobudala. I-Magnesium ichaphazela ukuhlukana kweeseli ze-hematopoietic, kwaye ukungabikho kwe-magnesium kunokukhawulezisa ukuchithwa kweeseli.

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Utshintsho kunxibelelwano lwe-intercellular: i-cytokines, i-hormone, njl njl. Ukuguga kwandisa imfihlo yezinto ezivuthayo. I-Magnesium inqanda ukuvuvukala kwaye iphucula unxibelelwano lweeseli.

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I-Autophagy yokukhubazeka: I-Autophagy yindlela ebalulekileyo yeeseli zokunciphisa iiprotheni ezonakalisiweyo kunye ne-organelles. I-Magnesium igcina umsebenzi we-autophagy ngokulawula umsebenzi wezakhi ezinxulumene ne-autophagy kunye ne-kinases.

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I-intestinal flora disorder: i-intestinal flora ibandakanyeka kwi-metabolism yezondlo kunye nokulawulwa kwe-immune, kunye nokungalingani kwe-microbial kuhambelana nokuguga. I-Magnesium ilawula amathumbu kwaye iphucula impilo yabamkeli.

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Ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo: Ukuguga kukhatshwa kukudumba okungapheliyo okukwinqanaba elisezantsi kuwo wonke umzimba, oko kukuthi, "ukuguga okuvuthayo". Ukusilela kwe-Magnesium kubangela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kweendlela zokubonisa ukuvuvukala ezifana ne-NF-κB kwaye kwandisa impendulo yokuvuvukala.

Ngokwenani elikhulu lezifundo ze-epidemiological kunye nezilingo ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, ukunyuka kwe-magnesium yokutya kunye nokuncedisa amalungiselelo e-magnesium kunokunciphisa ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo okuhlobene neminyaka, ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin, isifo senhliziyo, njl.

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Nangona i-magnesium ikhuselekile ngokwentelekiso, abantu abanengxaki yezintso kufuneka balumke, kwaye iidosi ezinkulu zamayeza athathwa ngomlomo zinokubangela urhudo. Abantu abadala abadala kufuneka babeke phambili ukufumana i-magnesium eyaneleyo ekudleni kwabo, njengemifuno eluhlaza eluhlaza, i-grains epheleleyo, amantongomane, njl. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, landela isiluleko sikagqirha ukongeza i-magnesium, kwaye ubeke iliso rhoqo kwi-concentration ye-magnesium yegazi.

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Ubungqina bovavanyo oluneenkcukacha kunye nedatha yeklinikhi:

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Ubungqina bovavanyo lwe-magnesium kunye nokuzinza kwe-genomic i-DNA yinto yofuzo yobomi, kwaye ukuzinza kwayo kusisiseko sokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweeseli. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba kukho i-magnesium ions phakathi malunga ne-50% yezibini zesiseko kwi-DNA double helix structure, edlala indima ekuzinziseni isakhiwo. Kwimodeli yezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-Escherichia coli kunye negwele, indawo ephantsi ye-magnesium ibangela ukunyuka okukhulu kumazinga eempazamo zokuphindaphinda kwe-DNA. Uvavanyo lwenkcubeko ye-fibroblast yabantu lukwaqinisekisile ukuba i-magnesium ephantsi inokubangela ukufinyezwa kwe-telomere ekhawulezileyo kunye nolawulo oluphezulu lwe-DNA yokuphendula imbonakalo yegene. Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana lubonise ukuba inkqubo yokukhusela i-antioxidant yonakaliswe kwizicubu zesibindi se-magnesium yeegundane ezinqongopheleyo, kwaye izinga le-8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, uphawu lomonakalo we-DNA oxidative, lwanda. Uphononongo kwiimpuku lufumene ukuba ukusela amanzi atyebileyo nge-magnesium kwandisa ubude be-telomere kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo we-DNA. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-magnesium ibalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lwe-genomic.

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Kwizifundo zabemi, i-serum okanye i-erythrocyte amanqanaba e-magnesium aye adityaniswa kakubi kunye nezalathi ezahlukahlukeneyo zokungazinzi kwe-genomic, ezifana ne-micronucleus frequency, amanqanaba emveliso yomonakalo we-DNA 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, kunye nobude be-telomere. Uphononongo olunqamlezileyo oluphantse lube ngama-200 abantu abadala abasempilweni lufumanise ukuba abo banelona nqanaba lisezantsi le-magnesium yeseli ebomvu yegazi bane-peripheral blood lymphocyte telomere ubude, ngokomndilili, i-11.5% mfutshane kunabo banamanqanaba aphezulu e-magnesium. Olunye uphononongo lweqela le-1800 eliphakathi kunye namadoda amadala aneminyaka eyi-45-74 iminyaka elandelwayo kwiminyaka eyi-5 yafumanisa ukuba ukutya kwe-magnesium kwakudityaniswa kakubi kakhulu neqondo lomonakalo we-DNA kwi-peripheral blood lymphocytes kwisiseko, kwaye ukunyuka ngalunye kwi-magnesium ethatha i-100mg / ngosuku kunciphise idigri ye-5% umonakalo emva kwe-5 DNA. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-magnesium ebantwini kunokunceda ukugcina uzinzo lwe-genomic.

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Okwesibini, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-magnesium kunye nomsebenzi we-telomerase kunye nokuguga kweeseli I-Telomeres zakhiwo ezikhethekileyo ekupheleni kweechromosomes, eziqulunqwe ukuphindaphinda kwe-TTAGGG kunye neeprotheni ezibophezelayo ze-telomere, ezikhusela i-chromosomes ekuthotyweni ngexesha lokuhlukana kweeseli. Kodwa kwiiseli zomntu, ubude be-telomere bufutshane nge-50 ukuya kwi-100 izibini ezisisiseko kwisahlulo ngasinye, kwaye xa ukufinyezwa kufikelela kwixabiso elibalulekileyo, iseli ingena kwisimo se-senescence. I-Telomerase yi-ribonucleoprotease eyandisa ukulandelelana kwe-telomere, kodwa idla ngokuchazwa kakubi okanye ingabonakaliswa kwiiseli zabantu abadala.

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Kwi-fibroblasts ye-mouse embryonic (MEF), i-magnesium ephantsi ye-magnesium iyancipha umsebenzi we-telomerase ngaphezu kwe-50% kwaye ibonise iimpawu ze-cell senescence, ezifana nokunyuka komsebenzi we-β-galactosidase kunye ne-up-regulated expression of cell cycle inhibitors p16 kunye ne-p21. Ezi phenotypes zokuguga zinokuguqulwa emva konyango nge-magnesium okanye i-telomerase activators. Iziphumo ezifanayo zabonwa kwiiseli ze-endothelial zabantu kunye ne-fibroblasts. Uphononongo lwe-molecular mechanism lufumene ukuba i-magnesium inokulawula ubude be-telomere ngokuchaphazela ukubonakaliswa kunye nokugcinwa kweeprotheni eziphambili kwi-telomere complex, njenge-TRF1 kunye ne-TRF2. Ukongeza, i-magnesium inokuphinda isebenze iindlela zokubonisa iimpawu ezifana ne-AKT kunye ne-ERK, kwaye inhibithe ii-inhibitors ze-cell cycle ezifana ne-p53 kunye ne-Rb, ngaloo ndlela ilibazisa ukuguga kweeseli.

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Izifundo zeklinikhi zikwaxhasa ikhonkco phakathi kwe-magnesium kunye ne-cell senescence. Ngaphezulu kwe-100 yabantu abadala abasempilweni, amanqanaba e-magnesium e-serum aye adityaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokwanda kwe-T lymphocyte kwaye ahambelana kakubi namanqanaba e-plasma p16. Olunye uphononongo lubandakanya abantu abadala be-250 kuluntu, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba amanqanaba e-serum magnesium asisiseko ayenxulumene ngokusondeleyo notshintsho kwizalathisi zokuguga ngokomzimba ezifana nomda wokuva, amandla okubamba, kunye nesantya sokuhamba, ebonisa ukuba isimo se-magnesium sinokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuguga ngokubanzi emzimbeni. Uphononongo lweqela labantu abangaphezu kwe-2,000 ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala be-70 luthelekisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-serum magnesium kunye nomngcipheko we-10 weminyaka yokufa kwaye wafumanisa ukuba iqela elinamanqanaba asezantsi e-magnesium linexesha le-2.2 lengozi enkulu yokufa kuneqela elinamanqanaba aphezulu. Nangona ezi zifundo zoqwalaselo zingenakuqinisekisa ngokuthe ngqo unobangela kunye nesiphumo, ziyayixhasa indibaniselwano eyomeleleyo phakathi kwemagnesium kunye nokuguga ngokwembono yabemi.

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Indima ye-magnesium kwindlela yokubonisa i-insulin ye-insulin yi-hormone yokulawula i-homeostasis yegazi lomntu. Emva kokuba i-insulin ibophelele kwi-receptor yayo, ibangela i-self-phosphorylation ye-receptor, kwaye isebenze uchungechunge lweprotheyini esezantsi efana ne-PI3K kunye ne-AKT, kwaye ekugqibeleni ilawula ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezinxulumene ne-glucose metabolism. Uvavanyo oluninzi lubonise ukuba i-magnesium idlala indima ephambili phantse kuwo onke amanyathelo okubonakaliswa kwe-insulin. 1. Kwiiseli ze-beta ze-islet, i-magnesium yenza i-MgATP eyinkimbinkimbi kunye ne-ATP ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-insulin synthesis, processing and secretion. Kwimigca yeeseli zempuku kunye neempuku, i-low-magnesium medium yehlise i-glucose-stimulated secretion ye-insulin ngaphezu kwe-70%. 2. Kwiiseli ezijoliswe kwi-insulin, umsebenzi we-tyrosine kinase we-insulin receptors kuxhomekeke kwi-ion ye-magnesium, kunye nokusilela kwe-magnesium kukhokelela kwi-insulin receptor phosphorylation kunye nokuphazamiseka kokudluliselwa kwesignali esezantsi, okubangelwa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-insulin. Kwi-3T3-L1 i-adipocytes kunye ne-L6 yeeseli ze-skeletal muscle, i-low-magnesium medium yanciphisa i-insulin evuselela i-glucose i-40% ukuya kwi-60%. 3. I-Magnesium iphinda ithathe inxaxheba ekulawuleni ukuvakalelwa kwe-insulin ngokuvimbela i-protein phosphatase, ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwe-interins, echaphazela umsebenzi we-GLUT4 we-transporter kunye nezinye iindlela. Ezinye iimvavanyo zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba ukongezwa kokutya okuphakathi kwe-magnesium kuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin kwi-obese kwaye thayipha i-2 yesifo sikashukela.

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Izifundo ze-Epidemiological zikwaxhasa ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwe-magnesium kunye ne-glucose metabolism. Uphononongo lwezeMpilo lwabongikazi base-US, olubandakanya malunga nama-70,000 abasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 abalandelwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, bafumanisa ukuba abo bakwinqanaba eliphezulu lokutya kwe-magnesium babenomngcipheko ophantsi wama-27% wokuba nesifo seswekile se-2 kunabo bakwinqanaba elisezantsi le-quintile. Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwezifundo ze-25 ezibandakanya phantse abathathi-nxaxheba abazizigidi ze-1 babonise ukuba yonke i-100mg / ngosuku ukunyuka kwe-magnesium yokutya idibene ne-8% ukuya kwi-13% yokunciphisa umngcipheko we-2 yeswekile. Kubantu abanesifo seswekile esikhoyo, amanqanaba ancitshisiweyo e-serum magnesium nawo anxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuqhubela phambili kwesifo kunye neengxaki. Uphononongo lwezigulane ezingaphezu kwe-300 ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 lufumene ukuba amanqanaba e-magnesium e-serum ayephantsi kakhulu kwabo banesifo senhliziyo kunezo zinesifo sikashukela kuphela. Ekugqibeleni, inani elikhulu lezifundo libonise ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-magnesium kunokulibazisa ukuguga ngokuphucula ukuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin.

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4. Ukusilela kwe-Magnesium kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial I-Mitochondria zizona ndawo ziphambili ze-metabolism yamandla eselula kunye neentlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS). Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuguga, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electron ye-mitochondrial chain chain iyancipha kwaye imveliso ye-ROS iyanda, ibangela ukuguqulwa kwe-mtDNA, i-membrane ye-lipid peroxidation kunye nomnye umonakalo, ukwenza umjikelezo ombi kunye nokukhawuleza ukuguga kweeseli. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba isinye kwisithathu se-magnesium emzimbeni sigcinwe kwi-mitochondria, eyimfuneko ekugcineni ukwakheka kunye nomsebenzi we-mitochondrial. Kwimitochondria yesibindi segundane, iiyunithi ezilithoba ze-13 ze-adenosine triphosphatase zifuna i-magnesium njenge-cofactor. Kwimouse ye-myocardial mitochondria, i-magnesium ephantsi inokunciphisa kakhulu imisebenzi yee-enzymes eziphambili kumjikelo we-tricarboxylic acid, njenge-isocitrate dehydrogenase kunye ne-α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Kwi-mitochondria yesibindi segundane, ukunqongophala kwe-magnesium kunokunciphisa ireyithi ye-ATP ye-synthesis ngaphezulu kwe-60%, ukunciphisa izinga lokulawula ukuphefumla, kunye nokunyusa imveliso ye-ROS, okukhokelela ekonyukeni komonakalo we-mtDNA kunye nezinga lokuguqula. Ukuxhaswa kwe-Magnesium kunokuguqula oku kungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial. Kwiiseli ze-skeletal muscle kunye ne-cardiomyocytes, i-magnesium ephantsi inokudiza amandla e-membrane ye-mitochondrial, ibangele ukuvulwa kwe-mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), iqalise ukukhululwa kwe-cytochrome C, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhokelele kwi-apoptosis. Kwiiseli ze-umbilical vein endothelial cell, i-magnesium ephantsi ibangela inani elikhulu le-ROS ye-mitochondrial ngokuvula i-protein kinase C, ekhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-endothelial. Uphononongo lwezigulana ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezine-metabolic syndrome zafumanisa ukuba amanqanaba e-serum magnesium aye anxulunyaniswa kakuhle nomsebenzi wokuphefumla we-mitochondrial kwaye anxibelelana kakubi namanqanaba e-ROS ye-mitochondrial. Isishwankathelo, ubungqina obungasentla bubonisa ukuba i-magnesium yinto ebalulekileyo ekugcineni i-homeostasis ye-mitochondrial, kwaye ukungasebenzi kwe-mitochondrial yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokuguga.

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Okwesihlanu, indima yokulawula i-magnesium kwi-inflammation engapheliyo kunye nokuguga kwe-immune Ukuvutha okungapheliyo kwinqanaba eliphantsi lolunye uphawu olubalulekileyo lokuguga. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba amanqanaba ezinto ezivuthayo ezifana ne-IL-6 kunye ne-TNF-α kubantu abakhulileyo banda kakhulu, ngelixa amanqanaba e-cytokines e-anti-inflammatory efana ne-IL-10 ayancipha, kwaye ezi zimo ezingapheliyo ezibangelwa ukuguga ziyaziwa ngokuthi "ukuvutha". Ukuguga okuvuthayo kunokubangela umonakalo wezicubu kunye nokungalingani komzimba, okuyisiseko se-pathological yezifo ezininzi ezingapheliyo. Izifundo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba ukunqongophala kwe-magnesium kunokubangela impendulo yokuvuvukala kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamajoni omzimba. Kwinkcubeko ye-macrophage ye-mouse, i-magnesium ephantsi inokunyusa-ukulawula umsebenzi we-NF-κB kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhululwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezivuthayo. Kwiiseli ze-bronchial epithelial yeegundane, i-secretion ye-IL-6 kunye ne-IL-8 inokunyuswa ngama-2 ukuya kwii-3 ngamaxesha ngokukhuthazwa kwe-LPS phantsi kwemeko ephantsi ye-magnesium. Kwiiseli ze-endothelial zomntu, i-magnesium ephantsi inokusebenzisa i-p38 MAPK indlela yokubonisa, ibangele ukubonakaliswa kwee-molecule ze-adhesion intercellular ukuba zilawuleke, kwaye zandise impendulo yokuvuvukala. Kwiigundane ezinqongopheleyo ze-magnesium, amanqanaba e-TNF-α, i-CRP kunye ne-interleukin ekujikelezeni kunye nezicubu zanda kakhulu, izitho zomzimba zokuzivikela zaziyi-atrophy, inani kunye nomsebenzi we-T kunye ne-B lymphocytes zancipha, kwaye i-immunosuppression yanda. Ukuxhaswa kwe-Magnesium kunokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ezi zifo ezivuthayo kunye ne-immune. Izifundo zeklinikhi ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-magnesium ephantsi inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuvuvukala okungapheliyo. Uphononongo olunqamlezileyo lwabantu abadala abangaphezu kwe-5,000 e-United States lufumene ukuba ugxininiso lwe-magnesium ye-serum lwalunxulunyaniswa kakubi kakhulu ne-CRP kunye nokubalwa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye ne-CRP kunye ne-IL-6 amanqanaba kwi-quartile ephantsi yamanqanaba e-magnesium ayengama-60% kunye ne-40% ephezulu kunabo bakwi-quartile ephezulu. Unxulumano lomelele ngakumbi kubantu abatyebe kakhulu. Olunye uphando lwabantu be-3,200 ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala be-65 lufumene ukuba amanqanaba e-magnesium ye-serum ayedityaniswe kakuhle kunye nobude be-telomere yeseli emhlophe yegazi kwaye ahambelana kakubi kunye namanqanaba e-CRP kunye ne-D-dimer. Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwezilingo ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe ze-25 kunye nobungakanani besampulu epheleleyo yabantu abangaphezu kwe-2,000 ibonise ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-magnesium yomlomo kunciphise amanqanaba e-serum e-CRP ngomlinganiselo we-22%, i-TNF-α nge-15%, kunye ne-IL-6 nge-18%. Ke ngoko, ukongezwa kwe-magnesium kunokulibazisa ukuguga komzimba ngenxa yeziphumo ezichasayo.

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Ubudlelwane bolawulo phakathi kwe-magnesium kunye ne-autophagy Autophagy yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuthotywa kweeseli kunye nokususwa kweeprotheni ezonakeleyo kunye ne-organelles, kwaye ibalulekile ekugcineni i-homeostasis yendawo yeselula. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba umsebenzi we-autophagy wenziwa buthathaka kancinci ngexesha lokuguga, kwaye iziphene kwi-autophagy zinokubangela ukuhlanganiswa kweeprotheyini, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial, njl., kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuguga kweeseli. I-Magnesium, njengomthunywa wesibini, ibandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukuqaliswa kunye nenkqubo ye-autophagy. Kwigwele, ukunqongophala kwe-magnesium kuthintela ukubonakaliswa kohlobo lwe-autophagy ezinxulumene ne-Atg1 kunye ne-Atg13 ngokuvula indlela ye-TORC1 yokubonisa. Kwiiseli ze-mammalian, indawo ephantsi ye-magnesium inokuthintela umsebenzi we-ULK1, i-Beclin1 kunye nezinye iiprotheni eziqala i-autophagy, kwaye zivimba ukubunjwa kwe-autophagosomes. Kwiiseli ze-embryonic zezintso, i-magnesium ion chelating agent EDTA inokuthintela ukuhamba kwe-autophagy. Uvavanyo lwe-in vitro lubonise ukuba ukugxilwa kwe-physiological ye-ion ye-magnesium inokubopha ngokuthe ngqo kwaye isebenze i-Atg4, i-proteolytic enzyme efunekayo ekuvuthweni kwe-autophagosome. Izifundo zezilwanyana ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukongezwa kokutya okuphakathi kwe-magnesium kunokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-autophagy kwi-neurons kunye ne-cardiomyocytes, ukuphucula umsebenzi wokuqonda kunye nomsebenzi we-systolic yenhliziyo. Nangona kukho ukunqongophala kobungqina obuthe ngqo beklinikhi, ezinye izifundo zokuqwalasela zibonisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwe-magnesium kunye ne-autophagy. Amanqanaba e-Magnesium aye anxulunyaniswa ngokufanelekileyo nokubonakaliswa kweempawu ze-autophagy ze-Atg5 kunye ne-Beclin1 kwizicubu zobuchopho kunye neeseli zegazi ze-mononuclear zezigulane ezinesifo se-Alzheimer. Kwizigulane ezinesifo seswekile se-2, ugxininiso lwe-magnesium ye-serum inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kumanqanaba okubonakaliswa kwe-autophagy enxulumene nofuzo lwe-LC3 kunye ne-p62. Ekugqibeleni, i-magnesium inokuthi idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuchaseni ukuguga ngokulawula i-autophagy. Kodwa indlela yayo ethile kufuneka ifundwe ngakumbi.

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7. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweMagnesium kunye ne-intestinal flora I-Intestinal flora "ilungu" elibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu, odlala indima engenakulinganiswa kwimetabolism yesondlo, ukulawulwa kwe-immune, neuroendocrine kunye nezinye iinkalo. Uphando lwakutsha nje lufumene ukuba utshintsho ekubunjweni nasekusebenzeni kwe-gut microbiota inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuguga. Ngokomzekelo, umlinganiselo we-firmicutes kunye ne-Bacteroides emathunjini abantu abadala wehla kakhulu, ngelixa inani leentsholongwane ezixhamlayo ezifana ne-enterococcus kunye ne-Staphylococcus landa. Oku kungalingani kweflora kunokubangela umonakalo kwisithintelo samathumbu, ukukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwezinto ezivuthayo, kunye nokwandisa ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo kuwo wonke umzimba.

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Njenge-substrate yezondlo ezibalulekileyo emathunjini, i-magnesium inokuchaphazela ukubunjwa kweflora ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwiimpuku ezingenazintsholongwane, amanzi okusela atyebileyo kwi-magnesium anokunyusa kakhulu inani leebhaktheriya eziluncedo ezifana ne-bifidobacterium kunye ne-Bacteroides, kunye nokunciphisa ixabiso le-pH yamathumbu. Kwimodeli yemouse ye-colitis, ukuxhaswa kwe-magnesium kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kweentyantyambo ze-intestinal intestinal kunye nokuvinjelwa ukusebenza kwe-NF-κB kwindlela yokubonakalisa ukuvuvukala. Kwiimvavanyo zabantu abanempilo, umlinganiselo we-bifidobacteria kwindle wanda emva kweeveki ze-8 zokuncedisa i-magnesium, kwaye amanqanaba e-lipopolysaccharide, i-D-lactic acid kunye nezinye i-metabolites ze-bacterial zehla. Olunye uphononongo lwangaphambi kweklinikhi lukwafumanise ukuba ukunqongophala kwe-magnesium kunokuphazamisa ukudityaniswa kwamathumbu emathunjini, ukonyusa ukungeneka, kunye nokudala iimeko zokudluliselwa kwe-endotoxins ye-enterogenic.

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I-Magnesium inokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuguga yomninimzi ngokulawula i-bacterial metabolism. Ngokomzekelo, i-magnesium ivuselela ukuveliswa kwe-fatty-chain-chain fatty acids efana ne-Bifidobacterium, eyenza i-G-protein-coupled receptor GPR43, evimbela ukuvuvukala okuhlobene nokukhuluphala kunye nokuxhathisa i-insulin. Ukongeza, i-magnesium inokuchaphazela i-bile acid kunye ne-tryptophan metabolism, kwaye ukuphazamiseka kwezi ndlela zimbini kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuguga kunye nezifo ze-neurodeergenerative. Ukuqukumbela, i-magnesium ilindeleke ukuba ibe sisicwangciso esitsha sokulibazisa ukuguga ngokulungisa ngokutsha iintyatyambo zamathumbu kunye nokulawula i-bacteria-gut-brain axis, kodwa iziphumo zayo zexesha elide kufuneka ziqinisekiswe zizifundo ezilindelekileyo zeqela.

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Isishwankathelo, inani elikhulu lovavanyo kunye nobungqina be-epidemiological bubonisa ukuba i-magnesium iyisondlo esibalulekileyo sokumelana nokuguga kunye nokukhuthaza impilo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ibandakanyeka kulawulo lokuguga ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

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Nangona imiphumo ye-magnesium supplementation kubomi bomntu okwangoku ayibonakali, ubungqina obungathanga ngqo bubonisa ukuba i-magnesium inokunceda ukulibazisa i-phenotypes yokuguga ezininzi kunye nokuphucula ukulindela impilo. Kwixesha elizayo, izifundo ze-cohort ezilindelekileyo kunye nezilingo ezilawulwa ngokungenamkhethe ziyafuneka ukuqhubela phambili ukucacisa iziphumo zokulwa nokuguga kwe-magnesium kunye nobudlelwane bayo be-dose-effect, ukwenzela ukunika ubungqina obusekelwe kubungqina bokuqulunqwa kwezicwangciso zokuncedisa i-magnesium. Ukongeza, imeko yesondlo se-magnesium kunye nemfuno yabantu abahlukeneyo ayifani, ngoko ke ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo yokongeza ye-magnesium kuyingxaki engxamisekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe. Kukholelwa ukuba ngophuhliso lweyeza lokuguga kunye nesondlo, ekugqibeleni siya kutyhila zonke iimfihlakalo zale nto yomlingo ye-magnesium, kwaye siyisebenzise ukulwa nokuguga kunye nokufezekisa iphupha lokuphila ixesha elide.

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