Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuzila ukutya kuye kwaba yintandokazi entsha yoluntu lwezenzululwazi, ukuzila ukutya kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwezilwanyana, enyanisweni, inani elikhulayo lezifundo libonisa ukuba ukuzila kunenzuzo ezininzi zempilo, ukuphucula impilo ye-metabolic, ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa izifo eziza nokuguga, kunye nokucotha ukukhula kwamathumba.
Ukuzila ukutya okwethutyana, njengokuthintelwa kwekhalori, kubonakaliswe ukwandisa ubomi kunye nobomi obunempilo bezilwanyana eziyimodeli ezifana negwele, i-nematodes, iimpukane zeziqhamo, kunye neempuku. Kubantu, ukuzila ukutya okwethutyana kunye nexesha elide, kunye nokuthintelwa kwekhalori eqhubekayo, kuneziphumo ezifanelekileyo kwiiparamitha ezininzi ezinxulumene nempilo ezinokuthi zibe nesiseko esiqhelekileyo somatshini, kwaye kukho ubungqina obunamandla bokuba i-autophagy ilamla le miphumo.

Ukongeza, i-spermidine (SPD) iye yanxulunyaniswa ngokufanayo nokuphuculwa kwe-autophagy, anti-aging, kunye nokuncipha kwezehlo zentliziyo kunye nezifo ze-neurodeergenerative kuzo zonke iintlobo.

Ngo-Agasti 8, 2024, Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseGraz e-Austria, iSorbonne eParis kunye neYunivesithi yaseCrete eGrisi bapapasha iphepha elinesihloko esithi "I-Spermidine ibalulekile kwi-fasting mediated autophagy" kwiphephancwadi I-Nature Cell Biology kunye nokuphila ixesha elide "iphepha lophando.

Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-spermidine iyimfuneko kwi-autophagy ekhawulezayo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide, kwaye ukuphuculwa kwexesha lokuphila kunye nexesha lempilo ngokuzila ukutya kwiintlobo ezininzi kuxhomekeke kwi-spermidine-exhomekeke kwi-eIF5A-hypusination modification kunye nokungeniswa okulandelayo kwe-autophagy.

Kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo, ukuncitshiswa okunxulumene neminyaka kwi-autophagy flux kukhuthaza ukuqokelela kweeprotheyini kunye ne-organelles engasebenziyo, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwe-pathogen clearance kunye nokwanda kokuvuvukala.

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-autophagy kwinqanaba lemfuza kukhawulezise inkqubo yokuguga kwiimpuku. Ilahleko yokuguqulwa kokusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo ezilawula okanye ukwenza i-autophagy iye yadibaniswa nesifo senhliziyo, isifo esosulelayo, isifo se-neurodeergenerative, kunye ne-metabolic, musculoskeletal, eye, kunye nezifo zemiphunga, ezininzi zazo zifana nokuguga kwangaphambili. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukukhuthazwa kwe-autophagy kwinqanaba lemfuza kukhuthaza ixesha elide kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwizilwanyana zemodeli, kubandakanywa neempukane zeziqhamo kunye neempuku.

Ukongeza kungenelelo lwesondlo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyamine spermidine yendalo kwizilwanyana zemodeli ezifana nemvubelo, i-nematodes, iimpukane zeziqhamo, kunye neempuku sesinye isicwangciso sokwandisa ixesha lokuphila ngendlela exhomekeke kwi-autophagy. Ukongezelela, i-spermidine inokubuyisela i-autophagy flux ekujikelezeni i-lymphocytes kubantu abadala, ehambelana nokuqwalaselwa kokunyuka kokunyuka kwe-spermidine yokutya kuhambelana nokunciphisa ukufa kwabantu bonke.

I-Spermidine luhlobo lwepolyamine yendalo ekhoyo ngokubanzi kwizinto eziphilayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando oluninzi lubonise ukuba i-spermidine inomlingo kunye nemiphumo enamandla yokuchasa ukuguga.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuzila ukutya, ukuthintela i-caloric, kunye ne-spermidine kwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwezilwanyana zemodeli kwaye kusebenze i-phylogenetically conserved, i-autophagy ixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yokukhusela ebudaleni. Kolu phononongo lwamva nje, iqela lophando liphinde laphonononga ukuba ngaba iziphumo zokhuselo lwe-geriatric zokuzila ukutya okuphakathi zinxulumene okanye zixhomekeke kwi-spermidine.

Uphononongo lufumene ukuba amanqanaba e-spermidine anda kwigwele, iimpukane zeziqhamo, iimpuku kunye nabantu phantsi kweerejimeni ezahlukeneyo zokuzila ukutya okanye i-caloric restriction. Ufuzo okanye iziyobisi ezivimba i-endogenous spermidine synthesis zinciphisa i-autophagy eyenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwigwele, i-nematodes, kunye neeseli zomntu.

Ukongezelela, ukuphazamisa indlela ye-polyamine emzimbeni kunokuphelisa imiphumo eqhubekayo yokuzila ukutya ixesha elide kunye nobomi obunempilo, kunye nemiphumo yokukhusela yokuzila entliziyweni kunye nemiphumo yokulwa ne-arthritis.

Ngoomatshini, i-spermidine ilamla ezi ziphumo ngokubangela i-autophagy kunye ne-hypusination ye-eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A. I-polyamine-Hypusnation axis yi-phylogenetically conserved metabolic regulatory hub kwi-autophagy ekhawulezayo yokuphucula kunye nokwandiswa kobomi.

Ngokubanzi, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuphuculwa kokuzila ukutya ixesha elide kunye nobomi obunempilo kwiintlobo ezininzi kuxhomekeke ngokuyinxenye kwi-spermidine exhomekeke kwi-eIF5A-hypusination modification kunye nokungeniswa okulandelayo kwe-autophagy.