Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokunyuka kweqondo lokutyeba kwehlabathi jikelele kunye nomkhwa wesifo seswekile esichaphazela abantu abancinci, "ukulawulwa kweswekile yegazi" kuye kwaba ngumba ongundoqo kwimpilo yoluntu. Kweli dabi lokuchasana nobumnandi, usukuzwano phakathi kwe-sucrose yemveli kunye ne-sucralose yeswekile eyenziweyo iyaqina - eyokuqala imele ubumnandi bantlandlolo obunikwe yindalo, ngelixa le yokugqibela ifanekisela amabhongo oluntu okuguqula iimolekyuli. Ukhuphiswano lwabo ayingomdlalo wokungcamla nje kuphela, kodwa lukwabonakalisa umzabalazo wamandla onzima phakathi kokhuseleko lokutya, isayensi ye-metabolic kunye nezinto ezinomdla zorhwebo.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Isahluko 1 Inguquko eSwiti: Umtsi wobuchwepheshe ukusuka kumasimi ommoba ukuya kwiilabhoratri

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.1 Sucrose: Ikhowudi emnandi yeNdalo

Imbali ye-sucrose inokulandwa emva eIndiya malunga ne-500 BC, xa abantu beqala ukukhupha iswekile eyikristale kwijusi yommoba. Ubume bayo bekhemikhali yi-Ukwakheka kwe-disaccharide ye-glucose kunye ne-fructose (C??H??O??) , njengemveliso ye-photosynthesis kwizityalo, ukubonelela ngomthombo wamandla okhawulezayo kubantu.

Ingqiqo yeMveliso ye-Youdaoplaceholder0 : Ukucinezela ummoba/ibhiti yeswekile → ukucocwa → ukufakwa kweekristale, kuxhomekeke kutyalo lwezolimo kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ixabiso elingundoqo : Iikhalori ezi-4 ngegram nganye, ibhentshi yobumnandi be-1, idityaniswa ngokwendalo kunye ne-taste bud receptors;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko : Ukusuka "kwigolide emhlophe" yaseRoma yamandulo ukuya kwindima yomphefumlo ekubhakeni kwale mihla, iswekile ithwele ithuku lomntu lokunqwenela ubumnandi.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 1.2 I-Sucralose: Ummangaliso omnandi oguqulwe ngemolekyuli

Ngo-1976, izazinzulu zaseTate naseLyle e-UK, ngelixa ziphuhlisa inambuzane, zafumanisa ngengozi ukuba ukutshintshwa kwamaqela amathathu e-hydroxyl kwimolekyuli ye-sucrose nge-athomu ye-chlorine (C??H??Cl?O?) kuvelisa incasa emnandi kakhulu engeyiyo i-metabol yomzimba. Oku kufunyaniswayo kubangele iSucralose, ingenisa ixesha elitsha kwishishini elithatha indawo yeswekile.

Ingqiqo yeMveliso ye-Youdaoplaceholder0 : I-Sucrose chlorination → ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali → ukucocwa, kuxhomekeke ekudibaneni kwemichiza echanekileyo;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukuphumelela kwentsebenzo : Amaxesha angama-600 amnandi kune-sucrose, iikhalori eziziro, ukumelana nobushushu (ukulungele ukubhaka kunye nokuvalwa kweziselo);

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Business boom : Emva kokuvunywa yi-FDA ngo-1998, i-sucralose yakhawuleza yathatha imarike yesiselo esingenaswekile, kunye nobungakanani bemarike yehlabathi obungaphezulu kwe-1.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isahluko sesi-2 Ingxabano yezeMpilo: IiNdlela zeMetabolic kunye nemida yoKhuseleko

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.1 Ifuthe lekrele elintlangothi-mbini le-sucrose

Youdaoplaceholder0 Indlela yeMetabolic : I-Sucrose → Yophuka emathunjini ibe yiglucose + ifructose → ingena kumjelo wegazi ukuze ifumane amandla okanye igcinwe njengamafutha.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ubungqina obuxhasayo : I-WHO icebisa ukuba ukuthathwa kwemihla ngemihla kweswekile yasimahla kube ngaphantsi kwe-10% yeekhalori zizonke (malunga ne-50 grams ye-sucrose);

Isilumkiso soMngcipheko we-Youdaoplaceholder0 : Ukutya ngokugqithisileyo kunxulunyaniswa nokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, iicaries zamazinyo, ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin, kunye ne-35 yezigidi ezifayo zizifo ezinxulumene neswekile kwihlabathi jikelele nyaka ngamnye.

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.2 Iphazili yoKhuseleko yesucralose

Youdaoplaceholder0 Iimpawu zeMetabolic : Imolekyuli inkulu kakhulu ukuba ingacalulwa zii-enzymes zamathumbu → ikhutshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ayithathi nxaxheba kwimetabolism yamandla.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ugunyaziso olusemthethweni : I-FDA, i-EFSA kunye ne-JECFA zonke zimisele ukhuseleko lwayo, ngokuthathwa kwemihla ngemihla okuvumelekileyo (ADI) kwe-5mg/kg ubunzima bomzimba;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Ugqaliselo lwengxabano :

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Youdaoplaceholder0 Gut microbiota disturbance : Uphononongo luka-2018 kwiNdalo lucebise ukuba i-sucralose inokuthintela ukukhula kweeprobiotics okanye yandise ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Umngcipheko wokubola kobushushu obuphezulu : I-Chloropropanol (i-carcinogen enokubakho) inokukhutshwa ngaphezulu kwe-120 ° C, kodwa imveliso yokwenene ekuphekeni iphantsi kakhulu;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isimo sengqondo sokuxhomekeka kubuswiti : Ukusebenzisa okanye ukomeleza ukulangazelela ukutya okuswiti kakhulu ngexesha elide ngokungangqalanga kwandisa ukuthathwa kwekhalori.

Uluvo lweNgcali ye-Youdaoplaceholder0 :

Izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo aziyongozi yeengxaki zempilo, kodwa aziyiyo i-panacea nayo. Undoqo kukuqonda iimeko zayo ezisebenzayo.

-- UGqr. Sara Smith, uNjingalwazi weSondlo kwiYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isahluko sesi-3 soMboniso weSicelo: INdawo yeDabi eSweet yoShishino lokutya

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.1 Ukungafumaneki endaweni ye-sucrose

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Indawo yokubhaka : I-caramelization reaction (I-Maillard reaction) inika isonka uqweqwe lwegolide kunye nevumba elikhethekileyo. I-Sucralose ayinazo ezi mpawu kunye ne-colorants kunye nezinongo kufuneka zongezwe;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Umzi-mveliso wesiselo : Ii-colas zesintu zixhomekeke kubumnandi obunzima be-sucrose. Iimvavanyo ezingaboniyo ngabathengi zibonisa ukuba iinguqulelo ezitshintshiweyo zeswekile zihlala zigxekwa ngokuba "ne-aftertaste ebuthakathaka";

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Intsingiselo ekhulayo : Ukutya okwenziwe ngesandla okuphezulu kugxininisa ekusebenziseni i-sucrose yendalo kwaye kugxininise ingcamango "Ileyibhile ecocekileyo".

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.2 Ubukhosi borhwebo be-sucralose

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Iziselo ezingenaswekile ? : Iimveliso ezifana ne-Coke Zero kunye ne-Yanki Forest ziye zafikelela kwi-"zero-calorie myth" nge-sucralose, kwaye imarike yesiselo esingenaswekile e-China ikhule nge-25% kwi-2023;

Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukutya okusebenzayo : Njengondoqo wesweetener kwizidlo ezikhethekileyo zesifo seswekile kunye nokutya okubuyisela ikhalori ukujongana nokuchasana phakathi kobumnandi kunye neekhalori;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukungena okungabonakaliyo : Kwiindawo ezingezizo ukutya ezifana nentlama yamazinyo kunye ne-pharmaceutical coating, ithatha ithuba le-anti-caries kunye nokuzinza.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Case: Iqhinga eliswiti lika-Pepsi-Cola

Ngo-2021, i-PepsiCo yabhengeza ukuba iyakuyeka i-aspartame kwimarike yaseMntla Melika kwaye itshintshe ngokupheleleyo kwiifomyula ze-sucralose. Esi sigqibo sakhokelela ekunyukeni kwe-14% kwiintengiso zonyaka zomgca wemveliso engenaswekile, eqinisekisa ukukhetha kwabathengi "kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yeswekile".

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isahluko sesi-4 sokuJonga ikamva: Indaleko kunye nokuhlalisana kwezimuncumuncu

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 4.1 Itekhnoloji yokuphindaphinda: Ukunyuka kweeswiti zesizukulwana sesithathu

Youdaoplaceholder0 Indawo yeswekile yendalo : I-Stevia kunye ne-mogroside zithimba imarike ephezulu enelebhile ethi "extract plant";

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Iskimu sokudibanisa : Imveliso ehlanganisiweyo ye-sucralose kunye ne-erythritol, incasa yokulungelelanisa kunye neenzuzo zempilo;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Precision Incasa eSwiti echanekileyo : Uyilo oluncediswa yi-AI lweemolekyuli ezintsha zencasa eswiti zilingisa iindlela zemetabolism kunye nencasa yegophe le-sucrose.

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.2 Uphuculo lwengqiqo yabathengi

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isikolo soLawulo lweswekile yezeNzululwazi : Khetha izimuncumuncu ngokwemeko-i-sucrose yokuzalisa iswekile emva kokuzilolonga, izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo zeziselo zemihla ngemihla;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 I-Natural fundamentalism : Ukuxhathisa zonke izongezo ezenziweyo ukunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwe-organic sucrose;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Gen Z iphikisana : I-87% yabantu abancinci bathenga iziselo ezingenaswekile kwaye bazonwabisa ngokutya okuneswekile eninzi njengeti yobisi, okubonisa umsantsa phakathi kokwazisa ngempilo kunye nolonwabo lweemvakalelo.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Isiphelo: Undoqo wobumnandi lukhetho

Kulo mdlalo phakathi kwendalo kunye ne-artificiality, akukho mntu uphumeleleyo ngokupheleleyo. I-Sucrose imele ikhontrakthi yamandulo phakathi kwabantu kunye nendalo, kwaye i-sucralose ibonisa umnqweno weteknoloji ukuguqula ubomi. Xa sithatha inkonkxa yesiselo phambi kweshelufu yevenkile enkulu, into esiyikhethayo ayikona nje ubumnandi, kodwa kunye nevoti kwimpilo, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nengqiqo yezoshishino. Mhlawumbi ubulumko bokwenyani besayensi bulele ekuqondeni: Isiphelo sobumnandi asikokuthatha indawo, kodwa ukulungelelana.