i-teapolyphenols (TPs) ligama eliqhelekileyo le-polyhydroxyphenolic compounds kwi-tea, kuquka i-flavanols (i-catechins), i-flavandiols, i-flavonoids kunye ne-phenolic acids. I-Catechins ludidi lwezinto ezibalulekileyo kwi-tea polyphenols, ezibalelwa malunga ne-60% ukuya kwi-80% yexabiso lilonke leti polyphenols. Ukakhulu ziqulathe iimonomers ezisi 8, kuquka i epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate.

Kwinkqubo yokusetyenzwa kweti, i-polyphenol oxidase kunye ne-peroxidase oxidize ikatekisini ukufumana i-thearubin, i-theaflavin kunye ne-theaflavin ii-pigments ezintathu zeti. Ezi TP azinikezi nje iti incasa yayo entsonkothileyo kunye nombala, kodwa inceda impilo yabantu.

Namhlanje, ngelixa befuna uphuhliso loqoqosho olukumgangatho ophezulu, abantu baqwalasela uphuhliso lohlaza kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona. I-polyphenols yeti ine-antioxidant, i-antibacterial, i-anti-cancer kunye ne-anti-obesity imisebenzi, ngoko ke abaphandi baye bayisebenzisa kumayeza kunye nokutya.

Kwiyeza, abaphandi basebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhambisa ukukhusela amayeza alula kakhulu kunye nokuphucula i-bioavailability yabo; Ukongezelela, i-polyphenols yetiyi idibaniswe kunye neeprotheni kunye ne-polysaccharides ukwenza iimveliso zelanga ezintsha kunye neziyobisi, ezisetyenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ukuchasana nomzimba, ukulwa ne-pathogen, ukugcina impilo yomlomo kunye nokulawula i-lipid metabolism.

Kwinkalo yophando lokutya, i-polyphenols yeti idityaniswe ikakhulu ne-polysaccharides, iiprotheyini, njl.njl., ngokusebenzisana kweemolekyuli ukuphucula umgangatho wokutya wokutya, ukwandisa ixesha lokugcinwa kokutya, kunye nokwenza izinto zokupakisha ukutya. Ngokusekwe koku, siye saxoxa ngophando lwesicelo seepolyphenols zeti kwintsimi yokutya kunye namayeza, ukwenzela ukubonelela ngereferensi yophando olunzulu lweti yeepolyphenols ekutyeni nakwiyeza.

1.Iimpawu zePhysical and chemical of tea polyphenols

I-polyphenols ye-tea ivela kumagqabi eti kwaye ingumxube we-organic polyhydroxyl compounds, kuquka i-catechin, i-anthocyanins, i-flavonols kunye ne-phenolic acids, njl njl. Icandelo eliphambili le-antioxidant yi-catechins. Phakathi kwazo, i-epigallocatechin gallate ithatha i-50% ukuya kwi-60%, i-epicatechin gallate ithatha i-15% ukuya kwi-20%, i-epigallocatechin ithatha i-10% ukuya kwi-15%, i-gallatechin ithatha i-6% ukuya kwi-8% kwaye i-epicatechin ithatha i-4% ukuya kwi-6%. Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, iti i-polyphenols ngumgubo otyheli okhanyayo okanye oluhlaza okhanyayo, incasa ye-astringent, ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo kwe-asidi, ezinzile kwi-pH 2 ~ 7; Iipolyphenols zeti zine-hygroscopicity ethile kwaye kulula ukutshintsha umbala kwindawo yealkaline.

2.Umsebenzi webhayoloji weti polyphenols

I-polyphenols yeti inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yebhayoloji efana ne-antioxidant, i-antibacterial kunye ne-anti-mutation, i-EGCG yeyona nto ininzi kakhulu kwi-catechin kwaye idlala owona msebenzi uphambili wokulwa ne-antioxidant. Umsebenzi webhayoloji uvela kwiqela le-phenolic hydroxyl kwiti polyphenols, edlala imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yebhayoloji kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Le misebenzi ikhethekileyo yenza iti i-polyphenols isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ekutyeni.

Ukusetyenziswa kweti ye-polyphenols ekutyeni

1.Ukugcinwa kokutya kunye nokugcinwa

I-polyphenols yeti ingasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekugcinweni kokutya kunye nokugcina, iziphumo zayo ezinobungozi ezingenayo ityhefu kunye neempawu zokhuseleko ezidliwayo zenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Inokuthintela ukubola kwe-oxidation yokutya, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwe-cellulose, kunye nokukhusela izondlo ekutyeni.

2.Replace antioxidants zokwenziwa

Ngengqalelo ehlawulweyo kukhuseleko lokutya, iipolyphenols zeti ngokuthe ngcembe zithatha indawo ye-antioxidants eyenziweyo njenge-antioxidants yendalo. Ayinakusetyenziswa kuphela kwi-oyile yezilwanyana kunye nemifuno, iimveliso zenyama, iimveliso zasemanzini, iziqhamo kunye nokutya kwemifuno, njl., Kodwa ingasetyenziselwa kwi-pastry, i-candy njalo njalo. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba umsebenzi we-antioxidant weti ye-polyphenols waqala ukusetyenziswa kumafutha kunye nokutya okunamafutha. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wephenol hydroxyl kwiringi yebenzene yeecatechin ukubonelela nge-hydrogen, inamandla okunciphisa kwaye iba yinto efanelekileyo yendalo yokulwa ne-antioxidant yamafutha.

I-antioxidative mechanism ye-tea polyphenols kukuba iqela elisebenzayo le-phenol hydroxyl, njenge-hydrogen donor, libophelela kwiqela elikhululekile le-fatty acids, liphazamisa ukuphendulwa kwekhonkco ye-fatty acid oxidation, kwaye ngaloo ndlela inqanda ukubunjwa kwe-hydroperoxide. Kwangaxeshanye, iti i-polyphenols enyibilikayo enamafutha anonyibilika ngokulandela izinto zetsimbi eziguquguqukayo kwi-oyile, ukuze iphulukane nomsebenzi we-catalytic kwaye iphelise ukusabela kwekhonkco lasimahla kumthombo. Ukongezelela, iqela le-phenol hydroxyl ngokwalo li-oxidized ngokulula, elinciphisa umxholo we-oksijini kwioli kunye nokulibazisa i-oxidation yeoli.

3.Uphuhliso lokutya olusebenzayo

I-polyphenols yeti ibonisa amandla amakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kokutya okusebenzayo, kunye nesakhiwo sayo esisodwa sekhemikhali sinquma ukuba sinamandla amakhulu okususa i-radicals yamahhala. I-polyphenols ye-tea inamandla aphantsi e-REDOX, iqela le-polyo-phenol hydroxyl linokubonelela nge-hydrogen ukuphazamisa okanye ukuphelisa i-radical chain reaction, kunye nesakhiwo sayo esisodwa sekhemikhali sinquma ukuba sinamandla amakhulu okususa i-radicals yamahhala. I-polyphenols ye-tea inokuvula inkqubo yokukhupha i-radicals yamahhala, kwaye inqanda ukuveliswa kwee-radicals zamahhala ngokuthintela i-oxidation-inducing transition metal ion ye-oxidase system. Njenge-scavenger yendalo yasimahla, iipolyphenols zeti ziluncedo ekugcineni impilo yabantu. Nangona i-China isebuncinaneni bayo kulo mmandla, inethemba elibanzi lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.

4.Isicelo ekugcinweni kweemveliso zenyama kunye neemveliso zasemanzini

Iibhaktheriya eziqhelekileyo ze-pathogenic kwiimveliso zenyama ziyi-pseudomonas, i-Enterobacter, i-staphylococcus kunye ne-salmonella, kunye neebhaktheriya eziphambili ezibangela ukuchithwa kweemveliso zasemanzini yi-pseudomonas bacteria. I-polyphenols yeti inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuveliswa kweebhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo, icothise i-oxidation yamafutha, ilibazise ukuwohloka, ngaloo ndlela yandisa ubutsha beemveliso zenyama kunye neemveliso zasemanzini.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iti i-polyphenols kwinyama yehagu, inyama yenkomo, inyama yegusha kunye nezinye iimveliso zenyama kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilayi zentlanzi, i-surimi, iibhola zentlanzi kunye ne-shrimp kunye nezinye iimveliso zasemanzini ziye zaxelwa enye emva kwenye, yinto efanelekileyo yokugcina indalo entsha. Inani elikhulu lezifundo zibonise ukuba ukuphakama koxinaniso lwesisombululo sokugcinwa kweti ye-polyphenol, ngcono umphumo wokuthintela kwi-microorganisms yeemveliso zenyama kunye neemveliso zasemanzini, kodwa i-polyphenols yeti iya kuba nemiphumo emibi kwimbono yoluvo lwenyama, okukhokelela kumbala wenyama. I-polyphenols yeti inokuthintela ukukhula kweentlobo ezininzi zebhaktheriya, kodwa indlela yayo ayicacanga.

5.Ukusetyenziswa ekugcinweni kweziqhamo nemifuno

Ulawulo olungcono lokulahleka kwamanzi e-pathological okubangelwa yi-microorganisms enobungozi kumonakalo weziqhamo; I-polyphenols yeti inesiphumo esiphezulu se-antioxidant, esinokucothisa umonakalo owenziwe nge-oxidative weziqhamo kunye nemifuno, ilawule umsebenzi we-polyphenol oxidase, kwaye isebenze inkqubo yokukhusela iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Kwangaxeshanye, iimolekyuli zeti ye-polyphenol ziqulethe inani lamaqela asebenzayo e-phenolic hydroxyl, anokubonelela ngokuthe ngqo i-hydrogen kwiimolekyuli kwi-vitamin C kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno, ukuze ikwazi ukugcina isimo esincitshisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko ye-vitamin C.

Uxinzelelo oluphantsi lweti ye-polyphenols etshizwe okanye egqunywe phezu kweziqhamo ezitsha kunye nemifuno inokuthintela ukuveliswa kwebhaktheriya kunye nokwandisa ubomi obutsha beziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Indlela yokugcina entsha iyantsonkotha, kwaye ezona zinto zilawulayo zahlukile ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Ukongeza, iti ye-polyphenols inokulibazisa ixesha lokuvuthwa kweziqhamo kunye nemifuno, kuba inefuthe elicothayo kwimisebenzi ye-biochemical yeziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokugcinwa kweti ye-polyphenols yeziqhamo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemifuno ayifani, kwaye idosi efunekayo kunye neemeko zokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zahlukile, ezifuna uphando olongezelelweyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweti ye-polyphenols kwiyeza

I-1, i-anti-oxidation kunye ne-anti-radiation

Ngenxa yobume bayo beekhemikhali ezizodwa, i-polyphenols yeti inamandla amakhulu e-antioxidant, engaphezulu lee kune-antioxidants eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-VC, i-VE kunye ne-antioxidant eyenziweyo BHT, i-BHA njalo njalo. Ukongeza, iipolyphenols zeti zinokususa iiradicals zasimahla ezinobungozi, ziphucule ukhuseleko lomzimba, kwaye izinto eziphuma kwicatechin zinokunciphisa ubuthi besinyithi esinzima emzimbeni womntu kunye nefuthe lokuchasa imitha, ke ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "radiation busters".

Umsebenzi we-2.Hemostatic

I-polyphenols yeti ine-antioxidant kunye ne-antibacterial activities, ngoko ke inokuthintela uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuveliswa kwebhaktheriya kwindawo yenxeba, ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi kwi-vitro kunye nediphozithi ye-collagen, isebenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye ne-neutrophils, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uyeke ukopha. Iiprotheyini, i-coagulation factor, iiplatelet kunye ne-fibrin kwindawo yenxeba idibanisa ne-tea polyphenols ukuvelisa amacandelo e-coagulation kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda.

3.Unyango lwe-Antitumor

I-polyphenols ye-tea, ngokukodwa i-catechin derivatives, ine-anti-mutation and anti-cancer effects, enokuthi ithintele kwaye ithintele inkqubo ye-lipid peroxidation, igcine kwaye iphucule umsebenzi we-enzyme emzimbeni womntu, kwaye ibonise imiphumo emihle ekuthinteleni kunye nonyango lwe-adjuvant yomhlaza wesisu, umhlaza wesisu kunye nezinye izifo.

I-4, ukunciphisa i-lipids yegazi, inqanda i-atherosclerosis

I-polyphenols yeti inokuthintela kakhulu ukwanda komxholo we-cholesterol kwi-plasma kunye nesibindi, ibe nefuthe lokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-lipid compounds ukusuka kwindle, kungekhona nje ukuthintela i-atherosclerosis, kodwa ibe nefuthe lokunciphisa umzimba. Phakathi kwabo, i-EGCG kunye nezinye i-catechin zilawula i-lipid metabolism ngokuvimbela ukufunxwa kwezondlo kwi-gastrointestinal tract, ukulawula ukubunjwa kweeseli ezinamafutha kunye ne-lipids, ukulawula i-intestinal flora, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin.

5.Uthintelo lwezifo zentliziyo

I-polyphenols ye-tea ineempembelelo ezintle zokukhusela kunye neyonyango kwizifo ze-cardiovascular, ngokukodwa ekuthinteleni i-atherosclerosis ebangelwa yi-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-triglyceride. Ukongeza, iti yeepolyphenols inokunceda ukugcina kunye nokuthoba uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokulawula iswekile imetabolism ukuthoba amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

6.I-Anti-oxidation kunye ne-anti-aging

Iipolyphenols zeti zinokususa iiradicals zasimahla emzimbeni womntu kwaye zicothise ukuguga komzimba womntu. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant weti ye-polyphenols yomelele kune-VE, kwaye ingcono xa idibene ne-VC kunye ne-VE.

7.Uthintelo lweCaries

Kuye kwangqinwa ukuba iti i-polyphenols inokunqanda ngamandla ibhaktheriya ye-cariogenic kwaye inciphise kakhulu i-plaque kunye ne-periodontal index.

8.I-Antibacterial kunye ne-antiviral

Iipolyphenols zinokunyusa iprotein yeseli, idenaturate kwaye yenze iprotein yeseli ingasebenzi. Ukusebenzisa umgaqo we-antibacterial kunye ne-antiviral tea polyphenols, i-catechin isetyenziswe kwii-air conditioners ngaphandle. I-EGCG kwi-TPs inokubophelela kwi-lipid membrane yebhaktheriya kwaye ichaphazele i-folate metabolism yebhaktheriya ngokuvimbela i-cytoplasmic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise injongo ye-antibacterial.