Indlela ye-amino acid biosynthesis ayidlali kuphela indima ephambili kwimisebenzi yobomi, kodwa ikhuthaza nophuhliso lwemveliso ye-amino acid esebenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nebhayoloji yokwenziwa kwi-fermentation yeshishini. Iiprotheyini zisisiseko sobomi, kwaye zidlala iindima ezahlukeneyo kwiiseli, ukusuka kwinkxaso yesakhiwo ukuya kwi-catalyzing reaction reaction. Zonke iiproteni zenziwe ngama-amino acid angama-20 ahlukeneyo aveliswa ngaphakathi kweeseli ngeenkqubo ze-biosynthesis ezintsonkothileyo. Ukufunyanwa kwama-amino acids angama-20 athatha phantse inkulungwane, eqala ngokubekwa yedwa kwe-glycine ngusokhemisti ongumFrentshi uH. Braconnot ngo-1820, aze aphele ngokufunyanwa kwe-threonine nguW. Rose ngowe-1935. I-biosynthesis ye-amino acids ngowona mxholo we-microbial composition composition. Eli nqaku liza kukuthatha malunga nendlela ezi amino acids zenziwa ngayo kwiimolekyuli ezilula kunye nendlela ezihlelwa ngayo. I-biosynthesis yazo zonke i-amino acids idityaniswe ngeendlela ze-branching usebenzisa i-intermediates ye-metabolism ephakathi njenge-precursors. Ngokohlobo lwe-precursor yokuqala, i-biosynthesis ye-amino acids ingahlulwa ibe ngamaqela e-5: Amaqela e-Glutamate, kuquka i-glutamate (Glu), i-glutamine (Gln), i-proline (Pro) kunye ne-arginine (Arg). Ukwenziwa kwezi amino acids kuqala nge-glutamate, imolekyuli engundoqo kwindlela ephakathi kwe-metabolic. Intsapho yeaspartate iquka iaspartate (Asp), aspartamide (Asn), lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), ne-isoleucine (Ile). I-amino acid synthesis yale ntsapho iqala nge-aspartic acid, ekwayimveliso yeendlela eziphambili ze-metabolic. Usapho lweeamino acids ezinuka kamnandi, kuquka phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), kunye tryptophan (Trp). Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi amino acids kuqala nge-erythrosis-4-phosphate (E4P) kunye ne-phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), iimolekyuli ezimbini ezikwabaluleke kakhulu kwiindlela ze-metabolic pathways. Intsapho ye-serine iquka i-serine (i-Ser), i-glycine (i-Gly), kunye ne-cysteine ??(i-Cys). I-amino acid synthesis yale ntsapho iqala nge-serine, eyona ndawo i-branching yeendlela ezininzi ze-biosynthetic. Iqela le-alanine libandakanya i-alanine (Ala), i-valine (i-Val) kunye ne-leucine (i-Leu). Nangona ezi amino acids zezeentsapho ezahlukeneyo, zineempendulo ezifanayo ngexesha lokudibanisa, kwaye ezi mpendulo zidla ngokuqhutywa ludidi olufanayo lwee-enzymes.

I-Isoleucine, i-valine, kunye ne-leucine, nangona ziphuma kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo, zineempendulo ezifanayo ezibangelwa yi-enzyme efanayo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-serine kwi-cysteine ????yeyona nto isabela ngayo ekunciphiseni i-assimilative sulfate. I-Biosynthesis yeqela elimnandi le-amino acid yaqalwa yi-erythrosis-4-P kunye ne-PEP. I-biosynthesis ye-histidine ikhethekileyo, kwaye isakhelo sayo sekhabhoni siphuma kwi-phosphoribose pyrophosphate (PRPP). Ii-C ezimbini kwi-ribose ye-PRPP zisetyenziselwa ukwakha i-5-membered imidazole ring, kwaye ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukudala i-3C side chain. I-biosynthesis yee-amino acids idlala indima ephambili ekuvubeleni kwamashishini. Ayiyonto nje esisiseko sokukhula kwemicrobial kunye nomsebenzi wemetabolism, kodwa zikwayinto engundoqo ekrwada yeemveliso ezininzi ezivundisiweyo. Ukuveliswa kwee-amino acids nge-microbial fermentation kunokufikelela kwimveliso esebenzayo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, okubalulekileyo ekutyeni, ukutya, amayeza kunye namanye amashishini.

Ukongezelela, i-biosynthesis ye-amino acids ikhuthaze ukuphuhliswa kwebhayoloji yokwenziwa kunye nobunjineli be-metabolic, okwenza kube lula ukuvelisa i-amino acids ezithile kunye ne-derivatives yazo nge-microorganisms. Oku akuphuculi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa kukwabonelela ngeqonga lophuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha ze-biotechnology kunye nokwandisa ngakumbi uluhlu lwesicelo sokuvutshelwa kwamashishini.