i-fiber dietary (DF) ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengeklasi yeekhompawundi ezingenako ukugaywa yi-enzymes yokugaya ukutya kwabantu kwaye iqulethwe ikakhulu ngamasalela odonga lwesityalo esidliwayo (i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, i-lignin, njl.) kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nazo. Ngokokunyibilika kwayo, inokohlulwa ibe yifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kunye nefiber yokutya enganyibilikiyo.

Iifibers eziqhelekileyo zokutya ezinyibilikayo emanzini ziyi-inulin, i-glucan, i-starch enganyangekiyo, i-chitosan, i-oat β-glucan, i-guar gum, i-sodium alginate, i-polysaccharides yefungal, njl.

Ngokwahlukileyo, i-fiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini ngenxa yeepropathi zayo ezilungileyo zokulungisa kunye nemisebenzi engcono ye-physiological, kwiminyaka yakutshanje ekuqhutyweni kokutya njenge-thickener, i-arhente yokwandisa, i-additives yokwakheka kunye nezihlungi, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso kunye nophuhliso lokutya okuphantsi kwamandla kunye nokutya okusebenzayo, ukutya okusekelwe kumanzi e-fiber yokutya kunendawo enkulu yophuhliso, amathemba emarike.

Iimpawu zePhysicochemical kunye nemisebenzi yefiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini

Okokuqala, ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu kunye nokwandiswa okuphezulu kunye nomsebenzi

Zininzi iijini ze-hydrophilic kwisakhiwo se-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi, enokufunxa okuqinileyo kwamanzi, ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu kunye nokwanda okuphezulu. Inokunyusa umthamo we-stool kunye nesantya se-defecation, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-rectum kunye ne-urinary system, ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-urinary system izifo ezifana ne-cystitis esinyini amatye kunye namatye ezintso, kwaye yenza i-toxins ngokukhawuleza ikhutshwe emzimbeni, ithintele ukuqhina kunye nokuthintela umhlaza we-rectal.

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwefayibha yokutya kulibazisa ukuphuma kwesisu, kwenza isisu somntu sizive sihluthi kwaye kunciphise ukutya okukutyayo, okunceda ukuthintela ukutyeba kunye nokuncipha komzimba.

Okwesibini, ukusetyenziswa kunye nomsebenzi we-adsorption kunye nokubilisa

Zininzi iijini ezisebenzayo kumphezulu we-fiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini, ezinokubilisa kwaye zifunxe iimolekyuli ze-organic ezifana ne-cholesterol kunye ne-bile acid, zithintele ukwanda kwe-cholesterol epheleleyo, ukunciphisa ukudibanisa kunye nokufunxa kwe-cholesterol yomntu kunye neetyuwa, kunye nokunciphisa i-cholesterol kwiserum yabantu kunye nesibindi, ukuze kuthintelwe i-atherosclerosis ye-coronary kunye nokuthintela izifo zentliziyo.

Okwesithathu, ukuvutshelwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa komsebenzi we-intestinal microbiota

I-soluble dietary fibre inokuvutshelwa kwi-acetic acid, i-lactic acid kunye nezinye i-acids eziphilayo nge-bacteria eluncedo kwi-intestine enkulu, ukunciphisa amathumbu e-PH, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kweebhaktheriya ezincedo ze-bifidobacterium emathunjini, ukuthintela intestinal mucosa atrophy, kunye nokugcina ulungelelwano kunye nempilo ye-microbes yamathumbu. Iiasidi eziphilayo eziveliswa ngokuvundisa zinokukhawulezisa i-peristalsis kunye nokwetyiswa kokutya kwindlela yesisu, ukukhuthaza ukukhutshelwa kwendle, ukuthintela i-toxins yamathumbu ekuvuseleleni udonga lwamathumbu kunye ne-toxins ukuba ihlale ixesha elide, kwaye ithintele umhlaza wekoloni.

I-4, akukho qoqosho lokuzalisa amandla kunye nokuthintela umsebenzi wokutyeba

I-soluble dietary fiber iyanda emva kokuba ibotshelelwe emanzini (amanzi abambe i-absorption), edlala indima yokuzalisa uqoqosho emathunjini kwaye ibangele lula ukuhlutha. Kwangaxeshanye, ifayibha yokutya ikwachaphazela ukufunxwa kunye nokucolwa kweekhabhohayidrethi ezikhoyo kunye namanye amacandelo emathunjini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abantu bangabinamdla wokulamba. Ke i-fiber yokutya iluncedo kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukutyeba.

5.I-Solubility kunye ne-viscosity kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Ifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo incangathi kwaye inefuthe elikhulu kwi-viscosity yokutya. Ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-viscosity, uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamathumbu emathumbu kunye ne-intestinal mucosa iyancitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela ilibazisa izinga lokufunxa, elinokuthi lizinzise umxholo weswekile yegazi kwizigulane zesifo seswekile emva kokutya, ukukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-insulin kwi-pancreas, kunye nokuququzelela ukunikezelwa kunye ne-metabolism yeswekile. Ukonyuka kwefiber yokutya kunokuphucula uvakalelo lwezicubu ze-peripheral kwi-insulin, ukuze kulawuleke kwaye kulawule izinga leswekile yegazi kwizigulane ezinesifo seswekile.

Ukusetyenziswa kwefiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini ekutyeni

I-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi njengohlobo olutsha lwefayibha yokutya kunye ne-ejenti yokwandisa, i-ejenti yokwandisa, izongezo zokuqulunqa, iifayili, njl., ikakhulu ezisetyenziswa kumandla aphantsi, i-fiber ephezulu kunye nokunye ukutya okusebenzayo. Ekutyeni okune-eneji ephantsi, i-fiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini inokutshintsha ngokuyinxenye okanye itshintshe ngokupheleleyo iswekile kunye namafutha, ngelixa inciphisa amandla okutya, inokugcina incasa yokuqala kunye nokuthungwa kokutya, kwaye izise incasa eyanelisayo. Ukongeza kwimveliso yezempilo, i-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi kunye ne-solubility yayo efanelekileyo, ukuzinza, ukunambitha okunokuthula kunye nezinye iimpawu, kwisiselo, iimveliso zobisi, i-candy, ukubhaka kunye nezinye iindawo zokutya zinezicelo ezininzi.

Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwefiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kukutya okunempilo

I-1, ukusetyenziswa kokutya okunempilo kubantu abanesifo seswekile Isifo seswekile sisifo esibangelwa yi-insulin ngokupheleleyo okanye isalamane enganelanga, ebonakaliswa ngokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic ye-carbohydrates, amafutha, iiprotheni, amanzi kunye ne-electrolytes. Ifiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini inokulibazisa ukuphuma kwesisu, yenze i-mucous membrane kwi-gastrointestinal tract, kwaye icothise ukugaywa kunye nokufunxa izondlo zokutya. Ngale ndlela, iswekile egazini inokunyuka kancinci, okanye i-insulin ayanelanga kancinci, kwaye i-concentration yeswekile yegazi ayiyi kunyuka ngokukhawuleza.

Kwangaxeshanye, ifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini nayo inefuthe lokuthintela ukukhuselwa kweglucagon. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba emva kokuba i-fiber yokutya yongezwa ekudleni, i-glucose yegazi ngokukhawuleza iyancipha ukusuka (9.84 ± 3.51) mmol / L ukuya (6.82 ± 2.65) mmol / L, kunye ne-2h ye-postprandial blood glucose yehla ukusuka (13.08 ± 5.12) mmol / L ukuya kwi-10.57 ± 4.64 mmol / L. Iimveliso eziphuhlisiwe ezifana ne: i-soluble dietary fiber softgel, isiraphu ye-fructan, njl.

I-2.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Fiber ye-soluble ye-Water-soluble dietary kukutya okunempilo kubantu abane-constipation I-Fiber yokutya e-soluble Water-soluble ngoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekutyeni okunempilo okulawula ukulinganisela kwe-microecological kunye ne-moistens laxity yamathumbu. Xa i-fiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini ithathwa, ikhuthaza iibhaktheriya eziluncedo ezifana ne-intestinal bifidobacterium kunye neLactobacillus, kwaye ivelise inani elikhulu le-fatty chain acids, njenge-acetic acid, i-acetic acid, i-folic acid kunye ne-lactic acid, etshintsha i-pH yamathumbu kwaye iphucula indawo yokuzala ye-bacteria enenzuzo. Ngaloo ndlela isantya se-intestinal peristalsis, ukwenzela ukuba isitulo sikhutshwe kakuhle.

Ukusetyenziswa kwefiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kwiimveliso zobisi

1, ukusetyenziswa kwefiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kumgubo wobisi

Ifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini ifaneleke ngakumbi ukuba igalelwe kumgubo wobisi ukuvelisa umgubo wobisi olungumgubo weentsana kunye nomgubo wobisi oluphakathi kunye nabantu abadala. Umsebenzi wokugaya ukutya weentsana kunye nabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kunye nabantu abadala awulungile kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukuswela i-calcium. I-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi inefuthe lokumanzisa amathumbu, ukunciphisa i-lipids yegazi, ukuthoba iswekile yegazi, kunye nokukhuthaza ukufunxwa kwezinto ezimbiwa. Isixa esongezelelweyo se-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi kwi-powder yobisi yi-5% ~ 10%, kwaye indlela yokongeza kukongeza i-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi ngaphambi kokuba i-homogenization yoxinaniso lobisi, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zihlala zingatshintshi; Okanye yongeza umgubo wobisi ngokuthe ngqo emva kokuxuba, gxuma kakuhle.

2, ukusetyenziswa kwefayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kwiyogathi enegwele

Iyogathi yenye yeemveliso zobisi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ikwayenye yezona ziselo zidumileyo kwiimveliso zobisi ezisempilweni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso zeyogathi eziphezulu zithandwa kakhulu. Uyilo lwefomula yeemveliso eziphezulu zefayibha yeyogathi yile: ubisi oluphezulu oluphezulu lwe-80%, ubisi olupheleleyo lwe-3%, isiraphu yecorn ye-fructose ephezulu (71%) 3%, i-sucrose 2%, i-10% yamanzi, i-fiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini 6%, inkcubeko yokuqalisa i-2.5%, i-stabilizer 0.2%.

3, ukusetyenziswa kwefayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kwisiselo sobisi esinencasa Isiselo sobisi esinencasa siye savela kwiimarike zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe iminyaka emininzi, kuba sinencasa yentlaka yokuqhumisa, kodwa kunye nencasa yeziqhamo, ukudityaniswa kwezi ncasa zimbini kwenza incasa yesiselo sobisi esinencasa yodwa, idityaniswa nesondlo esithile, ngoko samkelwe luninzi lwabathengi kunye nabasetyhini abancinci, ngakumbi bamkelekile. Ukongeza ifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kwiziselo zobisi ezinencasa kunokonyusa kakhulu isondlo kunye nomsebenzi wezempilo weziselo zobisi.

Uyilo lwefomula (ukuthatha isiselo sobisi esinencasa yetshokolethi njengomzekelo) kukuba: ubisi olukrwada (umgubo wobisi) 80% ~ 90% (9% ~ 12%), isiraphu yecorn ye-fructose ephezulu (71%) 6% ~ 8%, sucrose 4% ~ 6%, ifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini 6% ~ 8%, 0% coco, 2%, cocoa 2%. Inani elifanelekileyo le-vananthine, inani elifanelekileyo lencasa, i-pigment efanelekileyo. I-4, ukusetyenziswa kwefayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kwiziselo ze-lactic acid, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziziselo zobisi oluvundisiweyo, ezidla ngokuba ngubisi okanye ubisi olungumgubo, ubisi lweprotein yesityalo (umgubo), ijusi yeziqhamo kunye nemifuno, iswekile njengezinto ezikrwada, kunye okanye ngaphandle kokongeza izongezo zokutya kunye nezinto ezincedisayo, emva kokuvalwa inzala, ukupholisa, ukugonywa kwe-lactic acid bactericiation esebenzayo okanye i-bactericidal esebenzayo. (bactericidal) isiselo esithi ke sixutywe. Nangona isiselo esisebenzayo sebhaktheriya siqulethe inani elithile leebhaktheriya ezinenzuzo, kukho iibhaktheriya ezimbalwa ezinenzuzo ezisele emva kwendlela yokugaya umntu, kwaye umsebenzi wayo wezempilo wezondlo uyancipha kakhulu. Umsebenzi wesondlo kunye nempilo weziselo zebhaktiriya ezingasebenziyo ulinganiselwe kakhulu.

Indlela yokuphucula amacandelo esondlo kunye nokusebenza kwebhaktheriya ye-lactic acid isiselo yingxaki enzima phambi kweshishini ngalinye lokuvelisa isiselo sobisi. Ifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kunye nesiphumo sayo sokhathalelo lwempilo oluphezulu kuninzi lwamashishini okuvelisa isiselo sobisi ukunika ukhetho olulungileyo, kuzisa ithemba elitsha. Uyilo lwefomula: iyogathi 30%, isiraphu yecorn yefructose ephezulu (71%) 8%, sucrose 2%, ifayibha enyibilikayo emanzini 6%, pectin 0.4%, incindi (6%) 45%, lactic acid 0.1%, essence 0.1%, amanzi 47.4%.

Okwesithathu, ukusetyenziswa kwefiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kwiziselo

Iziselo zefiber yokutya ziziselo ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo eNtshona. Inokuphelisa unxano, izalise amanzi, kwaye ibonelele ngefiber yokutya efunwa ngumzimba womntu. Iimveliso ezinjalo, ngakumbi i-fiber yokutya ene-soluble yamanzi, ithandwa kakhulu kumazwe athuthukileyo njengeYurophu, i-United States ne-Japan. Ngokomzekelo, inkampani yaseJapan yaseCoca-Cola ivelisa amanzi amaminerali aqukethe i-fiber yokutya, eyaziwayo eJapan; Ukongezelela, ijusi ye-orange ephezulu kunye ne-high-fiber tea ixhaphake kumazwe aseNtshona Yurophu nase-United States; Okwangoku, iNkampani ye-Huiyuan yasekhaya iphuhlise kwaye yavelisa ijusi enefayibha ephezulu, kwaye iBeijing Sanyuan Dairy iye yasungula ubisi oluphezulu lwefayibha.

Ukusela ixesha elide kunokwenza amathumbu akhululeke, kuthintele ukuqhina, kwaye kunokunciphisa i-cholesterol, ukulawula i-lipids yegazi, iswekile esegazini, ukunceda ukunciphisa umzimba, ngokufanelekileyo kubantu abaphakathi kunye nabantu abadala, abaguli abanesifo seswekile kunye nabantu abatyebe kakhulu ukuba basele. Isetyenziswa kwiziselo, iimpawu zezi zilandelayo:

I-1.Ukusela iziphuzo kunye ne-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi kunokunyusa ingqiqo ye-satiety kunye nokunciphisa ukuthathwa kwezinto ze-caloric ngelixa ufunxa izondlo ezahlukeneyo. Ukusela ixesha elide kunokunceda kakhulu ekulawuleni ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, ngakumbi kufanelekile kubantu abakwiminyaka ephakathi kunye nabancinci abatyebe kakhulu.

B, emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi kwisiselo, ezinye iinqununu kwisiphuzo zingasasazwa ngokulinganayo kwisisombululo, okungekho lula ukukhawuleza kunye ne-stratify.

Okwesine, isicelo ekutyeni kwabantwana

Kwiimveku nakubantwana abancinci, ngakumbi emva kokulunyulwa, i-bifidobacteria emzimbeni iyancipha kakhulu, ikhokelela kwi-anorexia yorhudo, ukudodobala kokukhula, kunye nokuncipha kokusetyenziswa kwezondlo. Ukusetyenziswa kokutya kwefiber enyibilikayo emanzini kunokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezondlo kunye nokukhuthaza ukufunxwa kwezinto ezifana ne-calcium, isinyithi kunye ne-zinc.

Okwesihlanu, isicelo kwilekese

Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso lweshishini le-confectionery ngokuthe ngcembe liba yiswekile ephantsi kunye namafutha aphantsi, kwaye ikhula kwicala elimnandi kunye nesondlo. Kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, isabelo semarike seconfectionery ene-eneji ephantsi siye sanyuka unyaka nonyaka, nto leyo ebonisa amandla aso anamandla okulawula yonke imarike yeeconfectionery. I-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi, njengesithako esikhulu ekutyeni okune-eneji ephantsi, iluncedo kakhulu kwimarike ye-confectionery.

I-fiber yokutya ene-soluble yamanzi (i-Polydextrose) ingasetyenziselwa kuzo zonke iifomyula ze-confectionery ukuze zithathe indawo yesiraphu ye-glucose, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kunye nezinye ii-sweeteners ezithatha indawo ye-sucrose.

Ukusetyenziswa kwefiber yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini kwiimveliso zenyama

Ngokungongeza i-fiber yokutya ene-soluble yamanzi kwiimveliso zenyama, i-fiber yokutya idibanisa neprotheyini ukwenza i-gel-stable-stable ngokusebenzisa ityuwa kunye ne-hydrophobic bond. I-complex eyenziwe ngokubambisana phakathi kwe-soluble dietary fiber kunye neprotheni luhlobo olutsha lwejeli.

Ukongeza, ifayibha yokutya inokufunxa izinto ezinevumba elimnandi ukunqanda ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi. Ukongeza, i-fiber yokutya iyindawo ebalaseleyo yamafutha, enokuvelisa i-ham sausage kunye nomsebenzi wezempilo weprotheyini ephezulu, i-fiber ephezulu yokutya, i-fat ephantsi, ityuwa ephantsi kunye nekhalori ephantsi.

Ezisixhenxe, ifayibha yokutya enyibilikayo emanzini ekusetyenzisweni kweemveliso zomgubo

1.Ukufaka isicelo kwisonka, isonka esishushu, irayisi kunye nee-noodles

Isonka siye saba kukutya okuthandwayo kwihlabathi jikelele, kunye nomthamo omkhulu wokuthengisa. EYurophu naseUnited States, ifayibha yokutya yongezwa kwizonka ezininzi ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo, kwaye ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukongeza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefiber yokutya kunokunyusa kwaye kuphucule umbala wesonka. Ukongeza ifayibha ekutyayo kwisonka esiqhunyiweyo, isixa songezelelo ngokubanzi yi-3% ukuya kwi-6% yomgubo ifaneleke ngakumbi. Ukongezwa kwefiber yokutya kunokomeleza amandla enhlama, kwaye i-bun ene-steamed inencasa enhle kunye ne-flavour ekhethekileyo.

Ukongezwa kwerayisi kukwanencasa elungileyo yevumba elimnandi, kwaye ukongezwa ngokubanzi kwefiber yokutya koku kukutya okusisiseko kubini kuya kuba luncedo kwimpilo yabantu abaninzi. Ukongeza kwifiber yokutya kwi-noodles, isixa esifanelekileyo esiqhelekileyo si-3% ukuya kwi-6%. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo seentlobo ezahlukeneyo zefayibha zahlukile, kwaye ezinye zamandla e-noodle ekrwada ziba buthathaka emva kokongezwa, kodwa amandla ayanda emva kokupheka, kwaye ii-noodles emva kokongezwa zibukuqina okuhle kunye nokuxhathisa ukupheka. Isitshixo sokongeza itekhnoloji ye-noodle kukwazi kakuhle inani elongezelelweyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zefiber yokutya.

2.Isicelo kwiikuki kunye neepastries

Ukubhaka iibhiskithi kuneemfuno eziphantsi kakhulu kumgangatho wamandla omgubo, kwaye kukwakulungele ukongeza ifayibha yokutya ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ngoko kuyanceda ukuveliswa kweebhiskithi ezahlukeneyo zempilo ezisekelwe kumsebenzi wefayibha. I-Pastries iqulethe amanzi amaninzi ngexesha lemveliso, eya kuqina ibe yimveliso ethambileyo kwaye ichaphazele umgangatho xa ibhakiwe. I-fiber yokutya e-soluble yamanzi eyongeziweyo kwi-pastry inokugcina imveliso ithambile kwaye ifumile, yandise ubomi beshelufu kwaye yandise ixesha lokugcina ishelufu.

8.Ukutya kwezemidlalo

Ifayibha yokutya inokugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu, umthamo omncinci, kunye nomthamo omkhulu emva kokufunxa kwamanzi, okunempembelelo yevolumu kwiphecana lamathumbu kwaye ivelise imvakalelo yokuhlutha, kwaye inokunciphisa ixabiso leswekile yegazi emva kokuthatha i-fiber yokutya, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukukhululwa ngokukhawuleza kwamandla. Ngokusekelwe kwezi mpawu zimbini, ukutya kwezemidlalo kwenziwa, okudliwayo ngaphambi nangemva kokufaneleka okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo.

Isithoba, ukutya okunomkhenkce

Ukwandisa uhlobo lweqela kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kweemveliso. Indlela yokongeza: Ngokumalunga ne-1% yexabiso lilonke lezinto zokutshona, yongeza amaxesha angama-3-5 ubunzima bamanzi efayibha yokutya, kwaye ushukume kakuhle ngezinto ezizikayo.

Ishumi, kwiimveliso zesosi

Ukufunxa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukwandisa i-viscosity yejusi yemveliso, ukuphucula iimpawu zeemvakalelo, iyunifomu, akukho stratification.