I-Mannose kunye ne-glucose, nangona zinefomula ye-molecular efanayo (C ? H ?? O ?), zombini i-aldoses kunye ne-C-2 isomers (okt isalathiso seqela le-hydroxyl kwi-athomu yesibili ye-carbon yahlukile), kodwa iindlela zabo ze-metabolic kunye nemisebenzi ye-physiological yahluke kakhulu. Oku kulandelayo kunika uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha lomahluko wabo wemetabolism kwiimbono ezininzi:

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1. Ukufunxwa kwamathumbu

IGlucose:

Ukufunxa ngokufanelekileyo: Ngokuyintloko ihanjiswa nge-SGLT1 (i-sodium glucose cotransporter 1) kwiiseli ezincinci ze-intestinal epithelial. Izinga lokufunxa liphezulu kakhulu (> 95%), elinokungena ngokukhawuleza kwigazi kwaye linyuse iswekile yegazi.

Kuxhomekeke kwi-sodium ion gradient. ...

Imannose:

Ukufunxeka ngendlela engafanelekanga: ubukhulu becala ngosasazo oluququzelelweyo (okunokuthi kubandakanye abathuthi bosapho be-GLUT njenge-GLUT5 okanye amajelo afanayo). Izinga lokufunxa liphantsi kakhulu (malunga ne-10-20%), kwaye ininzi ye-mannose engaxutywanga ingena kwi-colon kwaye ifakwe kwiibhaktheriya zamathumbu okanye ikhutshwe ngendle.

2. Ngena egazini

IGlucose:

Emva kokufunxa, ingena ngokuthe ngqo kwi-portal vein circulation, ebangela ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo leswekile yegazi.

Imannose:

Ubungakanani be-absorption buphantsi, kwaye ukuxinwa kwe-mannose egazini kuphantsi kakhulu (i-concentration ye-plasma yokuzila okuqhelekileyo malunga ne-50 μ mol / L, iphantsi kakhulu kune-4-6 mmol / L ye-glucose). Ulawulo lomlomo lwe-mannose alubangeli ukuguquguquka okukhulu kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

3. Amanyathelo okuqala okuthathwa kwezicubu kunye ne-metabolism

IGlucose:

Ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin: Ukufunyanwa kwezicubu ze-muscle kunye ne-adipose ye-glucose kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekubonakalisweni kwe-insulin (nge-GLUT4 transporter).

I-Hexokinase / Glucokinase: Emva kokungena kwiiseli, i-phosphorylated yi-hexokinase (HK) (i-systemic tissue) okanye i-glucokinase (GK) (isibindi) kwi-glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Le yeyona molecule ye-hub ye-sugar metabolism.

Imannose:

Ayixhomekeke kwi-insulin: Ukuthathwa kwezicubu akuxhomekeke kwi-insulin.

I-Mannokinase (MK): Ininzi i-phosphorylated yi-mannokinase esibindi (kunye nenani elincinci kwezinye izicubu ezifana nezintso) kwi-mannose-6-phosphate (Man-6-P). Eli linyathelo eliphambili lokunciphisa izinga kwi-mannose metabolism.

I-Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI): I-Man-6-P iguqulwa ibe yi-fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) nge-phosphomannose isomerase. I-F6P yimveliso ephakathi kwendlela ye-glycolysis.

4. Iindlela eziphambili zemetabolism

IGlucose:

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla e-Glycolysis: I-G6P ingangena kwindlela ye-glycolysis yokuvelisa amandla (ATP).

I-Glycogen synthesis: Ukwenziwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-glycogen kwisibindi kunye nezihlunu.

Indlela ye-pentose phosphate: ivelisa i-NADPH kunye ne-ribose-5-phosphate (esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-biosynthesis kunye ne-nucleotide synthesis).

Ukudityaniswa kwamafutha: Xa ukugqithisa kukhoyo, kuguqulwa kube ngamafutha.

Imannose:

Ukuguqulwa kwi-glycolytic intermediates: Emva kokuguqulwa kwe-PMI kwi-F6P, inokungena kwindlela ye-glycolytic (inxalenye yokugqibela inokuguqulwa ibe yi-glucose okanye i-oxidized ngokupheleleyo ekunikezeni amandla).

I-Glycosylation precursor: Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukusebenza njengeqela lokuqala leswekile yokudibanisa amatyathanga eswekile adityaniswe ne-N! I-Man-6-P inokuguqulwa ngakumbi kwi-GDP mannose kwi-vivo, isebenza njengomnikezeli othe ngqo weentsalela ze-mannose kwi-glycoproteins kunye ne-glycolipids.

I-Glycosylation: I-Mannose yinxalenye ephambili yekhonkco ye-oligosaccharide kwi-protein ye-N-linked glycosylation modification (njenge-Man ? GlcNAc ?). Le nkqubo yenzeka kwi-endoplasmic reticulum kunye ne-Golgi apparatus, kwaye ibalulekile kwiprotheyini yokugoqa, ukuzinza, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nomsebenzi (njenge-antibodies, i-hormone receptors, kunye neemolekyuli zokunamathela kwiseli).

Ukuguqulwa kwi-glucose / glycogen: Ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi, kwaye ezinye iindlela ze-F6P eziguqulwayo ze-glycolysis zivelisa i-G6P, ethi iguqulelwe kwi-glucose okanye i-glycogen, kodwa igalelo lincinci.

5. Iimpembelelo kwi-glucose yegazi kunye ne-insulin

IGlucose:

Iswekile yegazi ephakanyisiweyo kakhulu: ngowona mthombo weswekile yegazi.

Uvuselelo olunzulu lokukhuselwa kwe-insulin: Iiseli ze-beta ze-pancreatic ziva ngokuthe ngqo ukonyuka kweswekile yegazi kwaye zikhuphe i-insulin.

Imannose:

Phantse ayichaphazeli iswekile yegazi: ithatha ngaphantsi, i-metabolizes ngaphandle kokuvelisa i-glucose, kwaye ayithembeli kwi-insulin.

Ayikukhuthazi ukukhuselwa kwe-insulin: ukuswela iimpawu ezisebenzayo zokuvuselela iswekile yegazi.

6. Umahluko ongundoqo kwimisebenzi ye-physiological

IGlucose:

Umsebenzi ongundoqo: Owona mthombo wamandla akhawulezayo (ingakumbi ingqondo, izihlunu, kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi), ukugcina i-homeostasis yeswekile yegazi.

Imannose:

Umsebenzi ongundoqo: Into ephambili ye-precursor ye-glycosylation biosynthesis, ukuxhasa isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi we-glycoproteins kunye ne-glycolipids (ukuqaphela iiseli, ukuhanjiswa kwesignali, ukugonywa, ukugoqa iprotheni, njl.).

Umsebenzi wesibini: Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yomchamo (ngokuthintela ukunamathela kwebhaktheriya).

7. Ukwahluka kwesicelo seklinikhi

IGlucose:

Ukuxhaswa kwamandla (i-infusion), unyango lwe-hypoglycemic, uvavanyo lokunyamezela i-glucose.

Imannose:

Ukuthintelwa kosulelo lwe-urinary tract oluphindaphindiweyo (ikakhulukazi lujolise ku-Escherichia coli) kunye nonyango lweengxaki ezithile ezinqabileyo ze-genetic glycosylation (ezifana nokusilela kwe-CDG Ib MPI).