I-D-mannose kunye ne-L-mannose zii-enantiomers ezibonisa enye kwenye, kwaye umahluko wabo obalulekileyo ulele kwi-stereoconfigurations yendawo eyahlukeneyo, ekhokelela kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yebhayoloji kunye nemisebenzi. Oku kulandelayo ngamanqaku aphambili okwahlulayo:

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1. Umahluko osisiseko kwisakhiwo sekhemikhali

Amanqaku aqhelekileyo:

I-molecular formula yi-C ? H ?? O ?, eyi-C-2 isomer ye-glucose (okt i-hydroxyl (- OH) isalathiso kwikhabhoni yesibini ichasene ne-glucose).

Umahluko ongundoqo:

Indlela yokubhala i-D/L isekwe kwi-glyceraldehyde reference system:

I-D-Mannose: I-hydroxyl (- OH) isalathiso seyona nombolo iphezulu ye-chiral carbon (C5) kwi-molecule ihambelana ne-D-glyceraldehyde (ebekwe kwicala lasekunene kwi-Fischer projection).

I-L-mannose: Isalathiso se-hydroxyl ye-C5 sihambelana ne-L-glyceraldehyde (ebekwe kwicala lasekhohlo kwi-Fischer projection).

Ezi zimbini ziyimifanekiso yesipili enye kwenye kwaye ayinakudlulana. ...

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I-Fischer projection equation: uthelekiso lwesakhiwo phakathi kwe-D-mannose (ekhohlo) kunye ne-L-mannose (ekunene)

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2. Umsebenzi webhayoloji kunye nokwahlukana kwemetabolism

Iimpawu zeD-mannose L-mannose

Ubukho beNdalo ? Bukho ngokubanzi kwindalo (kwiziqhamo, kwizityalo, kwi-glycoprotein) ? Ubukho bendalo (i-laboratory synthesis)

Umsebenzi webhayoloji ? Unomsebenzi obalulekileyo webhayoloji ?? Akukho msebenzi waziwayo webhayoloji (awunakwenziwa imetabolism kwaye usetyenziswe ngumzimba womntu)

Indlela ye-metabolism ingaba yi-phosphorylated yi-mannose kinase (MK) kwaye ayikwazi ukuqatshelwa yi-enzymes ye-metabolic yabantu (i-enzymes ine-chiral specificity)

Imisebenzi ye-Physiological ibandakanya i-glycoprotein synthesis, ukukhusela i-UTI, unyango lwe-CDG, njl

Phantse akukho mpembelelo kwiswekile yegazi (ngenxa yokungafunxwa/i-metabolized)

Kutheni le nto i-D-type ikuphela kohlobo olusebenzayo lwebhayoloji? ...

Ii-Enzymes kunye nabathuthi kwizinto eziphilayo bane-chiral engqongqo (i-stereoselectivity):

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Ukuqatshelwa kwe-enzyme ye-Metabolic:

I-mannose kinase (MK) kwisibindi somntu iyaqaphela kuphela kwaye i-phosphorylates i-D-mannose kwaye ayikwazi ukwenza kwi-L-isomer.

Iinkcukacha zomthuthi:

Izithuthi ze-glucose zamathumbu (ezifana ne-GLUT5) zihamba phambili zithutha i-D-mannose (nangona isebenza kakuhle), ngelixa i-L-mannose ayinakuthatyathwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukubophelela isamkeli:

Iithagethi ezifana ne-mannose receptor (MRC1) kunye ne-bacterial FimH adhesins ibophelela ngokukodwa kwi-D-mannose okanye i-derivatives yayo (efana ne-D-mannoside).

4. Ukusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kwe-L-mannose

Nangona ingenamsebenzi webhayoloji, i-L-mannose inexabiso elithile kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye neshishini

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Uphando lwebhayoloji:

Njengereferensi ye-D-mannose, isetyenziselwa ukufunda indlela yokuqaphela i-chiral yee-enzymes.

Imidibaniso yokwenziwa kweekhemikhali:

Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iiswekile ezinqabileyo okanye iimolekyuli zamachiza echiral.

Uyilo lothintelo:

Ingasebenza njenge-inhibitor ekhuphisanayo kwii-enzymes ezithile (ezifuna ukuqinisekiswa okujoliswe kuyo).

Imathiriyeli eyodwa:

Isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-chiral polymers okanye i-nanomaterials (njenge-chiral sensors).

Isishwankathelo esingundoqo

Umlinganiselo wokuthelekisa D-mannose L-mannose

Undoqo wekhemikhali ye-isomer yesandla sasekunene ekhoyo kwindalo, i-isomers yasekhohlo eyenziweyo

Imetabolism yebhayoloji ? Inokwenziwa i-metabolized yi-enzymes yabantu ? Ayinakubonwa ngee-enzymes zabantu.

Umsebenzi wePhysiological glycosylation, anti usulelo, unyango lwezifo ezinqabileyo akukho nanye

Iyeza elisetyenzisiweyo lexabiso (uthintelo lwe-UTI, unyango lwe-CDG), i-reagents yophando lwezondlo, i-chemical synthesis intermediates

Idosi ephezulu inokubangela urhudo (kodwa ikhuselekile iyonke), ayinayo ityhefu kodwa ayifumaneki

Inkumbulo elula:

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D-uhlobo = "uhlobo olusebenzayo lwebhayoloji": lukhona kwindalo, lunokwenziwa imetabolism, kwaye lunosetyenziso olusebenzayo.

L-uhlobo = "uhlobo lokulawula isibuko": i-artificially synthesized, ingenamsebenzi webhayoloji, isetyenziselwa uphando lwesayensi okanye ubunjineli beekhemikhali.

Igama elithi 'mannose' elikhankanywe kwiinkalo zonyango kunye nesondlo libhekisela kwi-D-mannose. I-L-mannose ayinayo ixabiso lesicelo sekliniki, kodwa njengesixhobo sekhemikhali, inamandla athile ophando lwesayensi.