???????????????? ??? ?? ?-???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????????, ????? ??? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????????????????. ?? ??? ?? ?-???????? ?????????????? ...

?????????????? [(C6H10O5) n] ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? (????? ?????????? ?????) ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????????, ??????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????????????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????, ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??? 12, ????? ...

???????????, ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????????, ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????????. ??? ?? ???-????? ????? ??????????, ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ...

???????????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????????, ??? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????, ?????????, ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????, ????? ??? ?????????, ??????????, ??????????, ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?????. [1] ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ???????? ??? ...

???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????! ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? "??????? ??????." ????-???? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????-?????, ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????, ?????????? ??? ???? ?????????. ?? ??? ??????? ??? HMBCa ??? ??????? ?? ??????????. ????? ?? ????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ????? ????-???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ????? ?????????;

??? 1832, ??? ?????????? ??????? Michel Eug è ne Chevreul ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????, ????? ??? ??????? ??????? "?????????" ???? ?? ?????? ?????? "??????" (?????). ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ????????????, ????? ????? ???????, ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???????? ????????????, ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????. ???? ??????????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????, ??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????-??????, ????-????????? ???????? ???????????.

HMB ??? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??HMB ???. ??? ?? ???????? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? 300-400 ?? ???? ????, ??? ????? 90% ???? ??? ?? ??????????????? ??? ???????. HMB ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ……

????-??????????-????-????????????? ????? (???) ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ????? ??? ??????????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????????. ????-??????????-????-????????????? ????? (???), ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????, ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????-?????????????? ?????. ?? ????????????? ??? HMB ??? ??????? β-??????????-β-??????????????? ???????? ????? (???-CA) ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????:

1. ????? ?????: ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????, ????? ??? ????-?????????? ?????????, ???????-??? ??? ??????? ?????????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????.

2. ?????: ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? (??????? -3 ????? ???????), ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???????, ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??????????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???????????. ?? ??? ???? ???, 400 ?? 800 ??? ??????? ??? ????????, ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????. ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????-?????, ???????-????????? ????. ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????, ?? ??? ?? ????-???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????, ????? ??? ?? ???????-???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????????, ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????.