??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????-???????? ???????????

??? ? ????? ????????? ??? ??????, ??? HMB-Ca ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? (??????????????). ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? 65 ???? ???? ????? 3 ????? ??? HMB-Ca ??????, ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ???? 12 ??????, ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? 1.2 ??, ????? ????????? ???????? ??? 14%, ??? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????? 23% 34. ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ????:

?

???????????? ??? ???? mTOR ?????????: ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? 38%

??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????: ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? (????? ??? MuRF1) ??? 41%

???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????: ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????-?????????? ???????? IL-6 ??? 29% ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????.

??? ??? ???? ??? ????-??????, ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? HMB-Ca ??????? ??? ???????? D3 ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? 17% ??? ???????? ??? ??????-?????????? ??????????? ??????? (SASP) ??????? ??? 34%. ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ???? II ??????? ?????? ??? ??HMB-Ca ?? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????, ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ? 19% ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????.

?

2. ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????

HMB-Ca ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ??????????:

?

???? ??????????? ?????????????: ????-????????????? ?????????????????? ??? 3 ?????? ??? HMB-Ca ??? ???????-3 ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 62% ??? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? 38%.

????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????: 30% ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ???? ??? ??????????????????? ???? ????????? ??????????????????????? ??? HMB-Ca, ?? ??????????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? 5-7 ???, ??? ?? ??????????????????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??? 41%.

???????????????? ?????????????? ????????????: ??????????? ???? ??? HMB-Ca ??? ???????-???? ??????? ?????? ??? COPD ??????????, 6 ????? ???????, ?? 6-????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? 82 ?????, ?? ????????? ??? ???????????????? ????? ???????? ??? 21%.

?? ?????????? FDA ??? ????????? HMB-Ca ??? ?? "???? ???????" ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????, ??? ???? III ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? 28% ??? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? 19%.

?

3. ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????????

???? ?????????? ??? HMB-Ca ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????????:

?

???????? ????????????: ??? ??? 2 ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? HMB-Ca ??? 12 ?????, ??? ??? HOMA-IR ??????? ?????? ??? 23% ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? 37%.

??????????? ??? ??? ????????????: ???? ?????????? ??? AMPK ?????????, ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 29% ??? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? 18%.

????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????????: ????-???? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? 42% ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? 31% ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????????/??????????? ????????????.

??? ??? ???????????? ??? ????-????????????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? HMB-Ca ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? 1.2 ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ALT ???????????? ???? ?? 68% 57. ??? RCT ?????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? 19% ???????? ??? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? (ASCVD) ???? 24 ?????? ??? ???????????.

?

4. ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????

????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? HMB-Ca ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????:

?

????-????????? ??????????????: ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????, ??? ?? ????? ??? 6 ????? HMB-Ca/???? 3 ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????-????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? 2.3 ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? 2.5 ???.

?????????? ??? ???? ????: ???? ????????? ???????????? ??? HMB-Ca ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? 41% ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? 57%.

????? ??? ???????????? ?????????: ????? ??? HMB-Ca (50 ??/??/???) ??? ???-?????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????-????? ??? 24% ??? ??? ???????????????????????????? ?????? ??? 19%.

?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? HMB-Ca ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??? 6 ?????????? ??? ????????, ???????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? 8. ?? HMB-Ca ?????????-????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?? 91% ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ±7%.

?

5. ???????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ???????

??????? ??? ??? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????, ?? ?????????? ??? HMB-Ca ??? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????:

?

????? ????? ??????????????: ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????, ?? ???????????? ??? ??HMB-Ca ??? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????-?????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? 17% ??? ?? ADL ?????? ??? 23% ???? 6 ?????.

?????????????? ???????? ???????: ???? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? HMB-Ca, 58% ????????? ????? ???? ????????????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ?? ???????? 3-4 ?????? ???????.

????????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????: ?????????????? ???? ??? ??????????????????? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ???????? 3 ????? HMB-Ca ??????, ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ??? 72% ??? ??? ????????? ???? ????-?????????? ??? 39%.

??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ??? HMB-Ca ????????????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? 44% ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? 51% ???? ???????????? ????????. ?? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??? HMB-Ca ?????????? ?????????? 2 ?????? ?????? ?? ????-??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? 37%.

?

6. ?????????? ??????: ???????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????

?? ???????????????????? ???????????? ??? ??HMB-Ca ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????:

?

?????? ???????? ??????: ??????? ?????????? ??? HMB-Ca ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 3.7 ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? 72 ???.

???????? ?????????? ??????????: ?? ?????? ??? HMB-Ca ??? ?????? ???????? ??? 62%, ?? ???????? ??? HMB-CA ???? ????????? 99.9% ??? ?? ??????????????? ????? ??????????.

????????? ????????? ???????????: ????????? ???? ???????? ??? HMB-Ca ?????? ?????????-??????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????-???? EMG

????????? ??? ????-?????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? HMB ???????????? ????, ??? CRISPR-Cas9-??????? ?????-?????????? ??? ??HMB ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ? 29% ??????????? ????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??????. ?? ?????'? ????? HMB-Ca ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????, ??? ??? ??????????????????? ??? 2.8 ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????.

????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????????

????? HMB-Ca ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????:

?

????? ?????????: ?????-?????? ???? ??? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? 5 ?/????, ?????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????.

???? ??????????????: ?? ??? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? 2-3 ????, ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????????.

???????????????????: ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????????? ??? ????? ?? mTOR ????????? ????????????.

?? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? (ISSN) ?????? ?? ?????????????? ??? ??HMB-Ca ??? 2-3 ????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ??? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? 1-2 ?/???. ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????, ????????????? HMB-Ca ??? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ? ?????-?????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???.