(1) ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????

??? ?? ????????? ?????????????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? apples (0.7-1.2%) ??? ???????????? (0.3-0.8%). ???? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?. C?H??O? ??? ???????? ?. 8. ?????? ????? ???????????????, ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??????????????, GLUT1, ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????-????????? ??????, ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ?78.

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(2) ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????

??? 2023, ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????????, ????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ?7. ??? ????? ??? ?????????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ?? 2-10 ????? ????, ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????????. ?7 ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? 20 ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?????-???? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ???????.

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???, ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????

(??) ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??????

?????? ????? ??????? ??? 2 ? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? 38%?8. ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????:

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? ????? ????? ?: 90% ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? 30-60 ?????, ??? ?????????????? ?????????? (????? ??? E. ?????) ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?8;

? ???????? ???????? ?: ??????? ?? β-1, 4-?????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????, ??????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????????? ??? ????????????? ??? 3 ??? ?78;

????? ????????: ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????, ?????????? ???? ????????? ?8.

(2) ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????

?????????? ??????????????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ??? ????????????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??? 25%?7. ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????? 4 ??????, ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??? 2.3 ?? 4.1 ??? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? 62%?7.

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(3) ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????

??? ????? ???????? ???????????, ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? (GI) ??? 0, ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????????? ???? ????? ??? 2.1 ????? / ? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?78. ? 2024 ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?7 ???? ?????????????? AMPK ?????????.

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3.?????????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????

(1) ???????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????????

??????? ??? ????????? ???: 500 ?? / ????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? 2 ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?7;

? ?????-????????? ???????? ?: ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????-???????????????? ??? 45% ????????? ???????????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?7;

? ????????? ????????????????? ????? ?????? ?: ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ??? 18%, ????? ??? ?????????????? ??? 30% ?????? - ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?7.

(2) ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????

?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? 58% ?? 92%, ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? 40%?7. ?? ?????????????? ??? ??????????????????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? 60 ????? ??? 120 ℃ ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?78.

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4.????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????

(1) ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????

? ?????????? ????? ?: ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? 3 ?, ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? 5 ?, ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????, ????? (????????? ??? ????? 7%) ?8;

? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?: ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? 50%, ??????? ?? ???? ?8 ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????;

??????????? ?????: ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????, ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? 2.3 ??? 8.

(2) ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????????

?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? 2024 ??????:

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????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? "?????????" ?7;

??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? "??? ????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????"?8;

?????????? ≥1?/100? ???? ???? ?????????? "??? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????"?7.

1. ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????

(1) ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????

? ?????-?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? : ?????-?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? 5 ??? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?7;

? ????????????? ?: ?? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????????? ???????? 7;

???????? ??? ??????????????? ????: ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???????????????? ??? ??30% ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????????????????? 7.

(2) ??????? ??? ????????????????? ????????????

????????????? ??????????????: ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? 8;

???? ???????????: ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? CRISPR ????????????, ?? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? 60% ?? 85%?7;

?????????? ????????????: ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? 8.

?????

??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????, ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????. ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? 2030 ??????????, ??? ????????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????. ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????, ??? "???????????????? ??? ??????????" ????: "??????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????.