? ?????? ?????:

?????????? ?? ??????????????? ??? ???????????: ????????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????, ?????????????? ?????, ???????????????, ????-???????????? ????????????? (UHT), ???????, ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? (??????????? ≤ 180 °C).

??????????? ????????: ??? ????? ?????-?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????????.

??????? ???????????: ??? ?????, ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? (??? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????) ????? ???? ?????????.

??????? ??? ??????????????: ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ???? ?????? (?????? ???????????????? ????? ???????? ????????), ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????????????? (?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????).

?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????:

???? ???????????? ????????:

????????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?????? 160°C ??? 180°C ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ???????????.

?? ??? ????????? ????-???????????? ???????????????? ????????????? (????? ??? UHT, 135-150 °C, ?? ????? ????????) ??? ??? ????????????? (??????????? ≤ 121 °C) ???????????.

??? ??? ???????? ???????? (?? ????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? 160-190 °C), ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????.

??????????? ?????????:

????-???????????? ?????????: ?? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? (???? ??? ????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????? ?????), ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? (???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????/??????? ????? ????????) ??? ????????????????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????.

??????? ?????? ??????????????: ?? ???????????? ?????????????? ??? ??? ????????, ??? ???? ?? ?????-??????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????, ????? ???? ??????? ????????.

?????? ?????????? (???? ???????????????):

??????: ?????? ???? ????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? (????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????), ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????, ????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????.

???????????/?????????????: ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ?? ????????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????.

????????????? ????????: ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????-???????????? ???????????? (????? ??? ?????), ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????? (????? ??? ?????????????????) ???.

?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ????? (???? ???????????????):

??????? ???>200 °C/??????????? ??????: ??? ??? ?????????? ????????????, ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????????? (????? ??? ????? 200 °C) ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? (????? ??? ?????? ??????), ???? ??????????????? ??? ??? ???? ????????????? ??? ???????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????????.

??????? ?????/??????? ????????+????? ????????????: ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? pH ???? ??? ?????????, ??? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????? pH ?????? (????? ??? ??????? ????? pH12) ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????. ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????.

?? ????? ?????????:

??? ????????? ??? ?????????????, ?????, ??? ???? ?????????? ????????????, ????????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ??????. ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????, ?????????????? ?????????? (?????????????? UHT ????, ??????????? ?????), ??????, ?????????, ????? ??????????, ???"? ?. ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????????.

?

???????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? (????? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ????, ????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????????, ???"??), ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????????.