??? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ????????? ???????????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????, ??? "???? ????? ?????????" ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????, ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? - ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????????'? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???, ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????, ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????.

Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????? 1 ?? ???? ??????????: ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????????

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.1 ???????: ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????

?? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? 500 ????? ??? ???????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? (C??H??O??) ?, ??? ?? ????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ????????, ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????.

??????????? ?????? : ??????????/????? ??? ?????? → ????????? → ???????????????, ???????? ???? ???????????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????;

Youdaoplaceholder0 ???? ????? ?: 4 ?????????? ???? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ??? 1, ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????????;

????????? ?????????? : ???? ??? "?????? ?????" ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???????.

Youdaoplaceholder0 1.2 ??????????: ?? ???????????-???????????? ??? ????????

??? 1976, ???? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????, ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???????????, ??????? ??????? ?? ? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ???? (C??H??Cl?O?) ? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????. ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????, ???? ??? ????????????? ? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????.

??????????? ??????: ??????? ???????????? → ?????? ????????????? → ?????????, ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????;

Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????????? ???????? ?: 600 ???? ????? ??? ???????, ??? ??????????, ???-?????????? (??????? ????? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????????????);

?????? ??? : ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? FDA ??? 1998, ??? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????-????? ????????? ??????, ??? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? $1.8 ?????? ??? 2022.

Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????? 2 ?????? ?????????????: ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.1 ??? ?????????????? ??????-????? ??? ??????

????????????? ???? : ??????? → ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? + ???????? → ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???.

????????? ????????: ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? 10% ??? ?? ????? ???????? (???? 50 ???? ??????);

?????? ?????????: ?????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????, ??? ??????, ???????? ????????, ??? 35 ?????? ????????? ??? ?????-?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???.

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.2 ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????????

???????????? ???????????????? : ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????? → ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????????.

???????? ??????????? ?: FDA, EFSA ??? JECFA ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????, ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? (ADI) ??? 5 ??/?? ??????-???????;

?????? ??? ????????:

??????? ????????????? ??????? ?: ? 2018 ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????;

?????? ??? ??????-???????????? ??????????????? ?: ???????????????????? (?? ??????????? ????????????) ??? ???? ???????? ????? 120 °C, ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????;

???????-??????????? ?????????? : ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????.

???????? ??????? :

????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????????-????. ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????.

-- ??? ?????? ????, ????????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????????

Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????? 3 ????????? ????????????: ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.1 ?? ????????????????? ??? ??????

Youdaoplaceholder0 ????? ???? ? : ?? ???????????????? ???????? (????????? ????????) ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????. ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????????;

???????? ?????????? ? : ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????-??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?? "??????? ???????";

?????????????? ????? : ????-??? ?????-???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? "???? ?????".

Youdaoplaceholder0 3.2 ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????

?????-?????? ?????????? : ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? "???-????????? ??????" ??? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????-??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??? 25% ??? 2023;

???????????? ?????????: ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????;

??????????? ???????????? : ??? ????-??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ????????, ??????? ???? ?????-??????? ??? ????????.

Youdaoplaceholder0 ????: ???????-??????'? ???? ??????????

??? 2021, ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? 14% ????????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????-?????? ????????? ?????, ????????????? ?? ??????????' ??????????? ????? "???????? ????? ???????????".

?????? 4 ?????????? ????????: ?? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.1 ???????????? ??????????: ??? ????????? ??? ????-??? ?????????

?????????? ????? ???????????? : ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????-??? ????? ???? "?????? ?????????" ?????;

Youdaoplaceholder0 ???-????? ?: ? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????, ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????;

Youdaoplaceholder0 ??????????? ????? ??? ?: ???????? ???????????-???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???-??? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????.

Youdaoplaceholder0 4.2 ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????

Youdaoplaceholder0 ????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?: ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? - ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????????, ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????;

??????????? ????????????????: ??? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???????;

Youdaoplaceholder0 ??? ? ??????? ?: 87% ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????-?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ????-????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???, ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????-????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????.

Youdaoplaceholder0 ?????: ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????

??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????????, ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????. ??????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????? ????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????????????? ????????, ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????????????? ???? ??? ??????????: ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????, ???? ????????.