??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????????, ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????. ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????, ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? 20 ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?? ????????? ??? 20 ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ?? ???????????, ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?. ??????????? ??? 1820, ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??. ????? ??? 1935. ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????. ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????????????. ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????. ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????????, ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? 5 ???????: ?????????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????????? (Glu), ????????? (Gln), ???????? (Pro) ??? ???????? (Arg). ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????, ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??????????. ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? (Asp), ?????????????? (Asn), ????? (Lys), ???????? (Thr), ?????????? (Met), ??? ??????????? (Ile). ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????, ?????????????? ????????????? (Phe), ???????? (Tyr), ??? ???????????? (Trp). ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????-4-???????? (E4P) ??? ?????????????????????? (PEP), ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????-?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? (Ser), ?????? (Gly), ??? ??????? (Cys). ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ???????-????? ??? ???? ????????????? ??????????. ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? (Ala), ??????? (Val) ??? ?????? (Leu). ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????.

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