Ushukela, owaziwa nangokuthi ama-carbohydrate, ungumthombo oyinhloko wamandla emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokwenani lamaqembu ashukela, ushukela ungahlukaniswa ube ama-monosaccharides, ama-oligosaccharides nama-polysaccharides. IGlucose iyimonosaccharide esatshalaliswa kakhulu ngokwemvelo, futhi ingamuncwa ngokuqondile ngumzimba ukuze inikeze amandla. I-Mannose nayo iyi-monosaccharide, i-isomer ye-glucose (Umfanekiso 1).

Ushukela yisihloko esijwayelekile nesiyinkimbinkimbi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kusukela ku-sucrose evamile, i-fructose kuya ku-D-mannose eyaziwa kancane, namuhla, sizokhuluma ngenkanyezi ephansi kodwa engaba khona kakhulu - i-D-mannose.

Ngo-1976, lapho abacwaningi beqala ukutadisha okuphuma kwe-chlorine e-sucrose, bathola ngephutha inhlanganisela enobumnandi obuphezulu kakhulu, i-sucralose, eyayibhekwa njengempumelelo ebalulekile emkhakheni wama-sweeteners, ngoba i-sucralose yayingeyona nje imnandi, kodwa futhi izinzile, ilungele ukusetshenziswa ekudleni naseziphuzweni.

Indlela 1:

Ukusebenzisa i-4-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pentanone (i-diacetone alcohol) njengento yokusabela, amanzi njenge-solvent, isixazululo samanzi se-NaOBr sasetshenziselwa ukusabela kwe-halogenated, kulandelwa i-acidification kanye ne-isobutanol extraction......

I-HMB Ca ingasetshenziswa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemisipha, ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba, ukwehlisa i-cholesterol namazinga e-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) emzimbeni ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvela kwesifo senhliziyo nesifo senhliziyo.

Isithako esiyinhloko sama-capsules we-vitamin E yi-vitamin E, eyingxenye yevithamini encibilikayo emafutheni. Amaphilisi e-Vitamin E ngokuvamile anemiphumela nemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba, umsebenzi wokuzala, nokubambezela ukuguga.

Imisebenzi nezinjongo eziyinhloko:

I-HMB calcium iyi-trace metabolite eyisisekelo yama-branched chain amino acids emzimbeni womuntu, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwamaprotheni kuzicubu zemisipha, ikhuthaze ukukhula kwamangqamuzana emisipha kanye nokwenza ngcono izicubu ezimalukeke.

I-Xylitol noshukela kunomehluko omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwawo, amakhalori, imiphumela kashukela egazini, nempilo yamazinyo. I-Xylitol iyi-sweetener yemvelo ekhishwa ikakhulukazi ezintweni zezitshalo ezifana ne-birch, i-oki, isikhwebu sommbila, ne-bagasse yomoba. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali ithi C ? H ?? O ?, okuyingxenye ye-carbon sugar alcohol emihlanu, enobumnandi obungaba ngu-90% we-sucrose, ehlinzeka cishe ngo-2.4 kcal wamandla ngegremu ngalinye. Ngokuphambene, ushukela (ofana ne-sucrose) uyi-disaccharide eyakhiwe yi-glucose ne-fructose, ehlinzeka cishe ngama-kcal angu-4 wamandla ngegremu ngalinye. Ukuwudla kungabangela ukwanda okusheshayo kwamazinga kashukela egazini.

Empilweni yansuku zonke, sivame ukuzwa abantu bekhuluma nge-vitamin E.

I-Vitamin E, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-vitamin E noma i-tocopherol, iyilungu elibalulekile lomndeni wamavithamini kanye nesakhi esibalulekile sokubona, ukuzala, umfutho wegazi, ubuchopho kanye nempilo yesikhumba.

Iyini imithombo ye-vitamin E?

Eqinisweni, impikiswano yokuthi uvithamini C angawelapha imikhuhlane iye yaphikelela kusukela ngawo-1970. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, impikiswano phakathi "kweqembu le-vitamin C eliphumelelayo" kanye "neqembu le-Vitamin C elingasebenzi" liye laqina, futhi izinhlangothi zombili ziye zabamba imibono yazo, futhi azikafinyeleli ukuvumelana, futhi kunzima ukukholisa omunye nomunye.