Ngokwemvelo, i-mannose ikhona esimweni esikhululekile kwezinye izithelo, njengama-cranberries, ama-apula, amawolintshi, njll. Emzimbeni womuntu, i-mannose isakazwa kuzo zonke izicubu negazi, okuhlanganisa isikhumba, izitho nezinzwa. Kulezi zicubu, i-mannose ihileleke ekuhlanganiseni ama-glycoprotein alawula umsebenzi wesistimu ye-autoimmune. Ucwaningo lwangaphambili lwezokwelapha luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-mannose ingakwazi ukwelapha futhi ivimbele izifo ze-urinary tract, ngakho-ke eminye imikhiqizo yezempilo yangaphandle ene-mannose njengengxenye eyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukugcina impilo yesistimu yomchamo.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi izimila zinesidingo esikhulu se-glucose kunezicubu ezijwayelekile. Amaseli esimila angathatha i-glucose ephindwe ka-10 kunamaseli avamile futhi athembele kakhulu ku-glycolysis ukuze athole amandla ukuze aqhubeke nokukhula kwawo ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, "ushukela onjengokuphila" isimila, ebusweni be-mannose, kodwa kwenzeka isimo esihlukile. Ngo-2018, iphephabhuku i-Nature ishicilele ucwaningo lwe-blockbuster oluvela kuCancer Research UK ukuthi i-mannose ingavimbela izimila. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ngemva kokuba i-mannose ingena emangqamuzaneni e-tumor, iqoqana ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ngendlela ye-mannose 6-phosphate, ivimbele umthombo wamandla wesimila ngokuphazamisa i-glucose metabolism, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukukhula kwamaseli wesimila. Ukuze uqinisekise lesi siphetho, abacwaningi benza ukuhlola okwengeziwe kumodeli yesimila segundane, bangeza i-mannose emanzini okuphuza alawa magundane "omdlavuza", futhi bahlola umphumela we-mannose yomlomo ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza ezifana nomdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kumagundane. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukuphathwa ngomlomo kwe-mannose ngokuphuza amanzi kubambezeleke ngempumelelo ukukhula kwesimila kumagundane. Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa umphumela wokwelapha we-mannose kumodeli yesimila segundane, abacwaningi bacabangele ukunikeza i-mannose kumagundane ngaphezu kwe-chemotherapy yokwelashwa kwe-adjuvant, futhi bamangala ukuthola ukuthi i-mannose ithuthukisa umphumela wokwelapha we-chemotherapy, hhayi nje kuphela ukuncipha kwevolumu yesimila kumagundane, kodwa futhi nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila segundane "cancerous". Kulo nyaka, ithimba labacwaningi baseFudan University lithole indlela entsha yokulwa nomdlavuza we-mannose - elawula i-molecule ye-immune checkpoint PD-L1. Iyini i-tumor immune checkpoint? Siyazi ukuthi lapho imizimba yangaphandle enjengamagciwane angaphandle kanye namagciwane ehlasela noma amangqamuzana emzimbeni efa noma eba nomdlavuza, amasosha omzimba womuntu azobe esebenza, futhi amasosha omzimba azodlala indima ngemva kokuba esecushiwe ukuze asuse lawa “mamolekyuli angaziwa”. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze ugweme ukusebenza ngokweqile kwamasosha omzimba kanye "nokubulala ngokungakhethi" kwamangqamuzana ezicubu ezijwayelekile emzimbeni, kunesethi "yama-molecule okuhlola amasosha omzimba" emzimbeni wethu. I-PD-L1 iyingqamuzana ebalulekile yokuhlola izivikeli mzimba emzimbeni wethu, engakwazi ukubopha i-molecule ye-PD-1 ebusweni bamasosha omzimba futhi ithumele isignali "yebhuleki" kumaseli omzimba ukuze kugwenywe ukubulawa kwamangqamuzana avamile ngamaseli omzimba (Umfanekiso 2). Kodwa-ke, lolu hlelo lwamabhuleki emizimbeni yethu luxhashazwa amaseli e-tumor anobuqili, kanti ama-T cell ku-tumor microenvironment anesibopho sokubulala izimila, futhi amaseli e-tumor azokhulula amasiginali "amabhuleki" kumaseli e-T ngokuvezwa okuphezulu kwama-molecule e-PD-L1, avimbe umsebenzi wamaseli T, ukuze agweme ukubulawa kwamasosha omzimba.

I-molecule ye-PD-L1 iyiphrotheni ecebile ngokuguqulwa kwe-glycosylation. Ithimba labacwaningi baseFudan University lithole ukuthi i-mannose ingabhubhisa ukuzinza kweprotheni ye-PD-L1 ngokulawula i-glycosylation yama-molecule e-PD-L1, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaze ukuwohloka kwama-molecule e-PD-L1. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-molecule ye-PD-L1 evezwe kakhulu kumaseli e-tumor yonakaliswa yi-mannose, ingabe amaseli wesimila awakwazi ukuphoqa ama-T cell ukuthi "abhuleki"? Abacwaningi baqinisekisa i-hypothesis: amangqamuzana e-tumor aphathwa nge-mannose ayengase abulawe ama-T cell; Kumodeli yesimila segundane, i-mannose yomlomo ingakhuthaza ukuhlasela nokubulawa kwamaseli e-T esimila futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwesimila, futhi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ze-mannose kanye ne-immune checkpoint antibody ithuthukisa ukuhlasela nokubulawa kwama-T cell esimila, futhi andise kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila samagundane "omdlavuza".

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, i-mannose itholakala ngokwemvelo kwezinye izithelo, ikakhulukazi ama-cranberries anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-mannose (Umfanekiso 3). Abantu abaningi bangase bazibuze, ingabe ukudla ama-cranberries kungavimbela noma kwelaphe umdlavuza? Eqinisweni, ukugcwala kwemannose okunikezwa amagundane "omdlavuza" kulezi zifundo ezimbili ezingenhla kwakuphezulu kwaze kwafika ku-20%, okusho ukuthi wonke u-100ml wamanzi okuphuza uqukethe u-20g we-mannose, okuyi-concentration ephezulu kakhulu kanye nomthamo. Ngakho-ke, sidla ama-cranberries nezinye izithelo ukwandisa ukungena kwe-mannose, ngezinga elithile, kungakhuthaza ukungatheleleki, kunempilo, kodwa bafuna ukufeza umphumela we-anti-cancer cranberries yedwa kude nokwanele.