I-Citicolineiyi-nucleotide eyodwa eyakhiwe nge-nucleic acid, i-cytosine, i-pyrophosphate ne-choline, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-neurodeergenerative, njengesifo se-Alzheimer, i-multiple sclerosis, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis njalonjalo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa nokuthi i-citicoline ingakhuphula ukuthatha kobuchopho kwe-dopamine ne-glutamate, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kwengqondo. I-Ciphocholine nayo inganciphisa ukukhululwa kwama-fatty acids mahhala futhi ibuyisele umsebenzi we-ATPase ye-mitochondrial kanye ne-cell membrane Na+/K+ ATPase, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukulimala kobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ze-pathophysiological zezifo ze-neurodeergenerative ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zibandakanya ukushoda kwe-cholinergic, i-glutamate excitotoxicity, i-neuroinflammation, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba, ukwehla kwemetabolism ye-glucose, kanye nokuwohloka komgoqo wegazi nobuchopho.

I-Citicolineingakwazi ukuzinzisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli ngokuvuselela i-S-adenosine-L-methionine, ikhulise ubunkimbinkimbi be-dendrite kanye nenqubo ye-spinous density yesakhiwo se-motor neuron, ithuthukise ipulasitiki yezinzwa ezindaweni ezingalimele, futhi ikhuthaze ukululama kokusebenza.

I-Citicoline inganciphisa izinga le-lecithin phosphate encibilikayo emanzini ngokuphakamisa i-choline phosphate cytidylytransferase (CCT) futhi ivimbele umsebenzi we-secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) noma ivimbele ukusebenza kwe-PLA2 ngokuvimbela i-TNF-a / IL-1b ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa lapho i-phospholipase ekhulisa i-phosphoslipid ne-membrane yokulungisa i-membrane.

I-Citicoline ingaphinda ikhulise ukubonakaliswa kwezinto eziphikisana ne-apoptotic ezifana ne-Bcl-2 futhi ivimbele ukukhululwa kwe-glutamate ukunciphisa i-cytotoxicity.

I-Ciphocholine ikhuthaza ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwezindawo zamangqamuzana ezilimele kanye nolwelwesi lwe-mitochondrial, igcina ukuqina kwamangqamuzana nokusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi inciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-acid enamafutha mahhala, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise ama-metabolites anobuthi oksijini kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-radical mahhala.

I-Citicoline ingakhuphula amazinga e-vasopressin ne-plasma adrenotropin, futhi ikhuthaze ukukhululwa kwe-hormone yokukhula, i-thyrotropin ne-hormone ye-luteinizing.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokulungiselela i-citicoline sodium, ikakhulukazi izindlela ezintathu.

Enye i-microbial fermentation. Le ndlela inezinkinga ezithile njengokugxilwa kwemikhiqizo ephansi kanye nesivuno esingazinzile.

Enye i-organic chemical synthesis. Kunezinkinga ezithile kule ndlela, njengokuthi umkhiqizo unzima ukuwuhlukanisa nengxube ye-shrinkage, ayifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, izinga eliphansi lokuguqulwa kokusabela, imikhiqizo eminingi yemikhiqizo, izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu.

Kukhona futhi indlela ye-enzymatic synthesis, efana nokusetshenziswa kodaka lwemvubelo kabhiya namanye amagciwane e-biosynthesis. Amaseli odaka emvubelo yamahhala asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-enzymatic. Inqubo yayilula, izinga lokuguqulwa laliphezulu futhi izindleko ziphansi. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-citicoline sodium ehlanganiswe yi-enzymatic synthesis ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili: inqubo ye-enzymatic synthesis kanye nenqubo yokukhipha kanye nokuhlanza.

Ithathwa ngomlomo, imuncwa ngokushesha, ifakwe i-hydrolyzed emathunjini nasesibindini ku-choline ne-cytosine, engena egazini, inqamule umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho, futhi iphinde ihlangane ibe yi-citicoline ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, lapho u-80% we-phospholipid synthesis ethintwa ukuhlushwa kwe-citicoline emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-citicoline iguqulwa ibe yi-acetylcholine ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi futhi ifakwe i-betaine ezinso nesibindi. Ukuncibilika kwamanzi kwe-citicoline kuhle, i-bioavailability iphezulu njengo-90%, futhi ingaphansi kuka-1% kuphela ekhishwa esitulweni ngemva kokuphathwa ngomlomo. Kukhona iziqongo ezi-2 zokumuncwa ku-plasma, ihora eli-1 namahora angama-24 ngemuva kokumunca.

Kumamodeli wamagundane, amazinga e-citicoline ene-radiolabelled anda kancane kancane ebuchosheni emahoreni angu-10 ngemva kokumunca futhi asatshalaliswa kabanzi endabeni emhlophe nempunga yobuchopho. Ukugxila okuphezulu kuhlala kumahora angama-48, futhi ukuqedwa kwawo kuhamba kancane, kunenani elincane kuphela elikhishwa nsuku zonke ngomchamo, indle, nokuphefumula. Ukungenisa ngaphandle kwe-citicoline kungakhuthaza ukulungiswa ngokushesha kolwelwesi lwamaseli olimele kanye ne-mitochondria, kugcine ubuqotho beseli nokusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi kuvimbele i-apoptosis nokufa.