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    I-D-mannose: Kusukela kusipho esimnandi semvelo ukuya ohambweni oluhle lokukhiqiza

    2025-03-13

    2. Ushukela yisihloko esijwayelekile nesiyinkimbinkimbi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kusukela ku-sucrose evamile, i-fructose kuya ku-D-mannose eyaziwa kancane, namuhla, sizokhuluma ngenkanyezi ephansi kodwa engaba khona kakhulu - i-D-mannose.

      I-D-mannose ingase izwakale njengegama elihlanganisiwe elingajwayelekile, kodwa empeleni i-hexose yemvelo etholakala kakhulu emvelweni. Ngokungafani ne-sucrose ne-fructose, i-D-mannose iza emehlweni omphakathi ngobumnandi bayo obuyingqayizivele kanye nezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo. Ubumnandi bayo bungaba ngu-60% we-sucrose, ushukela osebenzayo onekhalori ephansi, ukuphishekela ukudla okunempilo kubantu banamuhla, ngokungangabazeki kuyisinqumo esihle.

      I-D-mannose ayigcini nje ngokunambitha okumnandi, kodwa futhi inani layo lesicelo liyamangalisa. Emkhakheni wokudla, ingasetshenziswa njenge-sweetener enekhalori ephansi yokukhiqiza ukudla okunempilo okuhlukahlukene; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa ye-antioxidant, i-anti-inflammatory kanye nezinye izakhiwo, njenge-moisturizer kanye nezithako zokuguga zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimonyoni. Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ibonise amandla amangalisayo, futhi ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-D-mannose inganciphisa isifo sofuba esivuthayo, iphathe i-rheumatoid arthritis, ivimbele i-asthmatic airway ukuvuvukala, futhi ibonise imiphumela emihle ekwelapheni umdlavuza kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuzalwa kwe-glycosylation.

      Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-biotechnology, indlela ye-biological kancane kancane ibe yindlela evamile yokukhiqiza i-D-mannose. Le ndlela isebenzisa ama-enzyme e-biological ukuze ibangele ukusabela ukuguqula ezinye ushukela (ezifana ne-D-fructose) zibe yi-D-mannose, enezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

      Phakathi kwama-enzyme amaningi ebhayoloji, i-D-mannose isomerase iyathandwa ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu we-catalytic. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluningi lwakuqala lwalusebenzisa i-Escherichia coli njengamaseli e-chassis okukhiqizwa, okwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kwaletha izingozi zokuphepha. Phela, i-E. coli ayilona uhlobo oluphephile ekudleni, futhi amakhemikhali ewakhiqizayo adala ingozi yokungcoliswa kwe-endotoxin. Ukuze baxazulule le nkinga, ososayensi baqala ukufuna ezinye izinhlobo eziphephile. Ekugcineni, bakhetha i-Bacillus subtilis njengeseli entsha ye-chassis. I-Bacillus subtilis idonse ukunaka okukhulu ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zokulwa namagciwane okungewona ubuthi, okungenangozi, okuphumelelayo, akulula ukuhlala futhi akulula ukukhiqiza ukumelana nezidakamizwa. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, iye Yaziwa kabanzi njengokuthi "Ngokujwayelekile Kuqashelwa Njengephephile" (i-GRAS) ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka kokudla.
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      Kulolu cwaningo, ngokuqhathanisa izakhiwo ze-enzymatic ze-D-mannose isomerase ezivela emithonjeni eminingi, umthombo ophelele we-mannose isomerase ekugcineni ukhethiwe futhi i-heterologous yavezwa ku-Bacillus subtilis, kanye nohlobo oluphindayo lwe-B. subtilis 168/pMA5-EcMIaseA lwakhiwe ngempumelelo. I-D-mannose yahlanganiswa yi-cell catalysis yonke kusetshenziswa i-D-fructose njenge-substrate. Ukuguqulwa kanye nesivuno se-D-mannose kuye kwathuthukiswa futhi ngokuthuthukisa izinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa, i-pH nokugxila kwe-substrate. Izinga le-fermenter engu-5 L livumela ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kwe-D-mannose ngezinga lokuguqulwa elingaphezu kuka-27% kanye nesivuno esingaphezu kuka-160 g/L. Le mpumelelo ayigcinanga nje ngokuphula irekhodi lokukhiqiza langaphambilini, kodwa futhi inikeze ukusekelwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kwe-D-mannose.
      I-E-mannose, lesi sipho esimnandi esivela emvelweni, sidonsa ukunaka kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene ngokuthandeka kwayo okuyingqayizivele namandla angenamkhawulo. Ngokunaka okwandayo ekudleni okunempilo kanye ne-biotechnology, ithemba lemakethe ye-D-mannose liya ngokuya lithembisa. Esikhathini esizayo, sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi i-D-mannose izodlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi futhi ibe amandla abalulekile okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezempilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, silindele futhi ukuthi ososayensi bangaqhubeka nokutadisha ngokujulile i-biosynthesis kanye nendlela yokusetshenziswa kwe-D-mannose, futhi balethe ezinye izimanga kanye nempumelelo.