Lokhu ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva, okushicilelwe kujenali edumile ethi Nutrients ngoFebhuwari 2024, nguLigia J. Dominguez nabanye abavela eNyuvesi yasePalermo naseNyuvesi yase-Enna e-Italy. Babuyekeze ngokuhlelekile ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-magnesium nezinkomba zokuguga emzimbeni womuntu, futhi bathola ukuthi le mineral evamile inganciphisa izinga lokuguga, okumangazayo ngempela!

?

Amathiphu abalulekile:

?

1. I-Magnesium iyisici sesine samaminerali amaningi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu futhi ihlobene eduze nomsebenzi wama-enzyme angaphezu kuka-600, athinta izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.

?

I-2.Ukuntuleka kwe-Magnesium kuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, okuhlobene nezici eziningi ezifana nezakhi zofuzo, imvelo kanye nendlela yokuphila. Amazinga e-magnesium anganele emzimbeni angasheshisa inqubo yokuguga.

?

3. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi i-magnesium ingathinta izici ezibalulekile ze-12 zokuguga, okuhlanganisa ukungazinzi kwe-genomic, ukufinyezwa kwe-telomere, nezinguquko ze-epigenetic. I-Magnesium supplementation kulindeleke ukuthi ibambezele ukuguga futhi ithuthukise okulindelekile kwezempilo.

?

Nasi isifinyezo esinemininingwane ye-athikili yokuqala:

?

Ukuntuleka kwe-Magnesium kusheshisa izici zokuguga eziyi-12

?

Ukungazinzi kwe-Genomic: I-Magnesium iqinisa isakhiwo se-DNA double helix futhi ihileleke ezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokulungisa i-DNA. Ukushoda kwe-Magnesium kungaholela ekuqongeleleni komonakalo we-DNA, ukwanda kokuguqulwa kofuzo, nokuguga ngokushesha.

?

Ukufinyeza kwe-telomere: Ama-telomere alandelana ngokuphindaphindiwe ekugcineni kwama-chromosome avikela i-genome emonakalweni. I-Magnesium iqinisa isiphetho.

?

Izinguquko ze-Epigenetic: Izinguquko ze-epigenetic ekukhulumeni kwezakhi zofuzo zenzeka ngaphandle kokushintsha ukulandelana kwe-DNA. I-Magnesium ilawula izindlela ze-epigenetic ezifana ne-DNA methylation nokuguqulwa kwe-histone.

?

Ukungalingani kwe-protein homeostasis: ukwakheka kwamaprotheni kanye nokuwohloka ngaphakathi kweseli kufinyelela ibhalansi eguquguqukayo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-protein homeostasis. I-Magnesium ihilelekile ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwe-proteasome ne-lysosome, futhi ukuntula kwe-magnesium kuholela ekuqongeleleni amaprotheni ahlanganiswe ngendlela engafanele.

?

Ukuphazamiseka kokubona okunomsoco: I-insulini / I-IGF-1 nezinye izindlela zokubonisa zibona isimo sokudla okunomsoco weselula futhi ilawula imetabolism. I-Magnesium iyi-cofactor ye-insulin receptors kanye ne-downstream kinases, futhi ukushoda kwe-magnesium kubangela ukumelana ne-insulin.

?

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Mitochondrial: I-Mitochondria izimboni zamandla amaselula, futhi i-DNA yazo namaketanga okuphefumula kusengozini yokulimala. I-Magnesium iyindawo yesibili etholakala ngobuningi ku-mitochondria, ehilelekile ku-ATP synthesis kanye ne-antioxidant, futhi ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium kwandisa umonakalo we-mitochondrial.

?

Ukuzwela kwamaselula: amaseli eseli ayeka ukuhlukana, akhiphe izinto ezibangela ukuvuvukala, futhi acekele phansi imvelo yezicubu. I-Magnesium ingavimbela umjikelezo weseli ovimba amaprotheni p53 kanye ne-p21 futhi ibambezele ukukhula kweseli.

?

Ukuncipha kwe-stem cell: Amaseli e-stem anesibopho sokuvuselela nokulungisa izicubu, futhi inombolo yawo nomsebenzi wehla ngokuya ngeminyaka. I-Magnesium ithinta ukuhlukaniswa kwe-hematopoietic stem cell, futhi ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium kungase kusheshise ukuqedwa kwe-stem cell.

?

Izinguquko ekuxhumaneni kwe-intercellular: ama-cytokines, amahomoni, njll. lamula ukushintshaniswa kwesignali ye-intercellular. Ukuguga kwandisa ukugcinwa kwezinto ezivuthayo. I-Magnesium ivimbela ukuvuvukala futhi ithuthukise ukuxhumana kwamaseli.

?

I-Autophagy Ekhubazekile: I-Autophagy iyindlela ebalulekile yamaseli ukuze ehlise amaprotheni awonakele nama-organelles. I-Magnesium igcina umsebenzi we-autophagy ngokulawula umsebenzi wezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-autophagy nama-kinases.

?

I-intestinal flora disorder: izitshalo zamathumbu zibandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nokulawulwa kokuzivikela komzimba, futhi ukungalingani kwe-microbial kuhlobene nokuguga. I-Magnesium ilawula izitshalo zamathumbu futhi ithuthukise impilo yabasingathi.

?

Ukuvuvukala okungapheli: Ukuguga kuhambisana nokuvuvukala okungapheli kwebanga eliphansi emzimbeni wonke, okungukuthi, "ukuguga kokuvuvukala". Ukuntuleka kwe-Magnesium kubangela ukusebenza ngokweqile kwezindlela zokubonisa ukuvuvukala ezifana ne-NF-κB futhi kukhulisa impendulo yokuvuvukala.

Ngokusho kwenani elikhulu lezifundo ze-epidemiological kanye nokuhlolwa okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe, ukwandisa ukudla kwe-magnesium yokudla kanye nokwengeza amalungiselelo e-magnesium kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala okungapheli okuhlobene neminyaka, ukumelana ne-insulin, isifo senhliziyo, njll Nakuba kungekho bufakazi obuqondile bokufakazela ukuthi i-magnesium ingandisa isikhathi sokuphila, ubufakazi obungaqondile bubonisa ukuthi ukwesekwa kwe-magnesium kunomthelela ekugugeni okunempilo.

?

Nakuba i-magnesium iphephile uma kuqhathaniswa, abantu abanokwehluleka kwezinso kufanele baqaphele, futhi imithamo emikhulu yomuthi odluliselwa ngomlomo ingabangela isifo sohudo. Abantu abadala asebekhulile kufanele babeke phambili ukuthola i-magnesium eyanele ekudleni kwabo, njengemifino eluhlaza, okusanhlamvu, amantongomane, njll. Uma kunesidingo, landela iseluleko sikadokotela ukuze ungeze i-magnesium, futhi uqaphe njalo ukuhlushwa kwe-magnesium egazini.

?

Ubufakazi bokuhlola obunemininingwane nedatha yomtholampilo:

?

Ubufakazi bokuhlola bokuqina kwe-magnesium nokuzinza kwe-genomic I-DNA iwufuzo lwezinto eziphilayo, futhi ukuzinza kwayo kuyisisekelo sokusebenza okuvamile kwamaseli. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi kukhona ama-ion e-magnesium phakathi okungaba ngu-50% wamapheya ayisisekelo ku-DNA double helix structure, edlala indima ekusimamiseni isakhiwo. Ezintweni eziphilayo eziyimodeli ezifana ne-Escherichia coli nemvubelo, indawo ephansi ye-magnesium ibangela ukwanda okuphawulekayo kumazinga wamaphutha okuphindaphinda kwe-DNA. Ukuhlolwa kwesiko le-fibroblast yomuntu kuphinde kwaqinisekisa ukuthi i-magnesium ephansi ingabangela ukusheshisa ukufinyezwa kwe-telomere kanye nokulawulwa okuphezulu kokubonakaliswa kofuzo lokulimala kwe-DNA. Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kubonise ukuthi uhlelo lokuvikela i-antioxidant lonakalisiwe esicutshini sesibindi samagundane antula i-magnesium, futhi izinga le-8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, umaka wokulimala kwe-DNA oxidative, lenyuswa. Ucwaningo lwamagundane lwathola ukuthi ukuphuza amanzi anothe nge-magnesium kwandisa ubude be-telomere futhi kunciphisa umonakalo we-DNA. Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi i-magnesium ibalulekile ekugcineni ukuqina kwe-genomic.

?

Ezifundweni zabantu, amazinga e-magnesium e-serum noma e-erythrocyte aye ahlotshaniswa kabi nezinkomba ezihlukahlukene zokungazinzi kwe-genomic, njengemvamisa ye-micronucleus, amazinga emikhiqizo yokulimala kwe-DNA 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, nobude be-telomere. Ucwaningo oluhlukene lwabantu abadala abanempilo ecishe ibe ngu-200 lwathola ukuthi labo abanamazinga e-magnesium engqamuzana ebomvu egazi babe ne-peripheral blood lymphocyte telomere ubude, ngokwesilinganiso, obufushane ngo-11.5% kunalabo abanamazinga aphezulu e-magnesium. Olunye ucwaningo lweqoqo lwamadoda aneminyaka engu-1800 ubudala nasebekhulile abaneminyaka engu-45-74 olulandelwe iminyaka engu-5 lwathola ukuthi ukudla okudlayo kwe-magnesium kwakuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinga lokulimala kwe-DNA kuma-lymphocyte egazi le-peripheral ekuqaleni, nokuthi ukwanda ngakunye kokuthatha kwe-magnesium engu-100mg/ngosuku kunciphisa izinga lomonakalo we-5% we-DNA iminyaka engu-5. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi ukwengezwa kwe-magnesium kubantu kungasiza futhi ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-genomic.

?

Okwesibili, ubudlelwano phakathi komsebenzi we-magnesium ne-telomerase kanye nokuguga kwamaseli Ama-Telomere ayizakhiwo ezikhethekile ekupheleni kwama-chromosome, ahlanganiswe ukuphindaphinda kwe-TTAGGG namaprotheni abopha i-telomere, avikela ama-chromosome ekonakalisweni ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli. Kodwa emangqamuzaneni omuntu, ubude be-telomere bufinyeza ngamapheya ayisisekelo angama-50 kuye kwayi-100 ngokuhlukana ngakunye, futhi lapho ukufinyeza kufinyelela inani elibalulekile, ingqamuzana lingena esimweni se-senescence. I-telomerase iyi-ribonucleoprotease eyandisa ukulandelana kwe-telomere, kodwa ngokuvamile ayivezwa kahle noma ingavezwa kumaseli amadala.

?

Kumagundane embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), i-magnesium medium ephansi yehlise umsebenzi we-telomerase ngaphezu kuka-50% futhi yabonisa izici ze-cell senescence, njengokukhuphuka komsebenzi we-β-galactosidase kanye nokuvezwa okulawulwa phezulu kwama-cell cycle inhibitors p16 kanye ne-p21. Lezi phenotypes eziguga zingahlehliswa ngemva kokwelashwa ngezicishazi ze-magnesium noma ze-telomerase. Imiphumela efanayo yabonwa kumaseli endothelial womuntu kanye nama-fibroblasts. Ucwaningo lwendlela yamangqamuzana zithole ukuthi i-magnesium ingase ilawule ubude be-telomere ngokuthinta isisho nokwenza kwasendaweni amanye amaprotheni abalulekile kunxakino ye-telomere, njenge-TRF1 ne-TRF2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnesium ingakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubonisa izimpawu ezifana ne-AKT ne-ERK, futhi ivimbele ama-cell cycle inhibitors njenge-p53 ne-Rb, ngaleyo ndlela ibambezele ukuguga kwamaseli.

?

Izifundo zemitholampilo ziphinde zisekele ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-magnesium ne-cell senescence. Kubantu asebekhulile abanempilo engaphezu kwe-100, amazinga e-magnesium e-serum ayehlotshaniswa kahle nokwanda kwe-T lymphocyte futhi ahlotshaniswa kabi namazinga e-plasma p16. Olunye ucwaningo lwaluhlanganisa abantu asebekhulile be-250 emphakathini, futhi bathola ukuthi amazinga ayisisekelo e-serum magnesium ayehlobene eduze nezinguquko zezinkomba zokuguga ngokomzimba ezifana nomkhawulo wokuzwa, amandla okubamba, kanye nesivinini sokuhamba, okuphakamisa ukuthi isimo se-magnesium singathinta inqubo yonke yokuguga emzimbeni. Ucwaningo lweqembu labantu abangaphezu kwe-2,000 abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala be-70 luqhathanise amazinga ahlukene e-serum magnesium nobungozi beminyaka engu-10 yokufa futhi bathola ukuthi iqembu elinamazinga aphansi e-magnesium linengozi enkulu yokufa izikhathi ezingu-2.2 kuneqembu elinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu. Nakuba lezi zifundo zokubheka zingakwazi ukufakazela ngokuqondile imbangela nomphumela, zisekela ubudlelwane obuqinile phakathi kwe-magnesium nokuguga ngokombono wabantu.

?

Indima ye-magnesium endleleni yokusayina i-insulin I-insulin iyi-hormone elawulayo eyinhloko ye-glucose homeostasis yegazi lomuntu. Ngemuva kokuthi i-insulin ibophe isamukeli sayo, idala i-self-phosphorylation ye-receptor, futhi isebenze uchungechunge lwama-protein kinases angezansi njenge-PI3K ne-AKT, futhi ekugcineni ilawule ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-glucose metabolism. Ukuhlola okuningi kubonise ukuthi i-magnesium idlala indima ebalulekile cishe kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokubonisa i-insulin. 1. Kumaseli e-beta e-islet, i-magnesium yakha i-MgATP eyinkimbinkimbi ne-ATP ukuze ibambe iqhaza kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin, ukucubungula kanye nokufihla. Emigqeni yegundane le-beta yamagundane, i-magnesium medium ephansi yehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin evuselelwe i-glucose ngaphezu kwama-70%. 2. Kumaseli ahlosiwe we-insulin, umsebenzi we-tyrosine kinase we-insulin receptors uncike kuma-ion e-magnesium, futhi ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium kuholela ku-insulin receptor phosphorylation kanye nokuvinjwa kokudluliselwa kwesignali ephansi, okuholela ekuphikiseni kwe-insulin. Ku-3T3-L1 adipocyte kanye ne-L6 skeletal muscle cell, i-low-magnesium medium yehlise ukutholwa kwe-glucose evuselelwe i-insulin ngo-40% kuya ku-60%. 3. I-Magnesium iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekulawuleni ukuzwela kwe-insulin ngokuvimbela i-protein phosphatase, ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwama-interins, okuthinta umsebenzi we-GLUT4 we-transporter nezinye izindlela. Ezinye izivivinyo zezilwane zibonise ukuthi ukwesekwa okulinganiselwe kokudla kwe-magnesium kuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-insulin ku-obese futhi thayipha amagundane esifo sikashukela se-2.

?

Izifundo ze-Epidemiological nazo zisekela ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwe-magnesium ne-glucose metabolism. Ucwaningo Lwezempilo Lwabahlengikazi lwase-US, oluhlanganisa abesifazane abacishe babe ngu-70,000 abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-45 olulandelwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, luthole ukuthi labo abaseqophelweni eliphezulu lokudla i-magnesium ekudleni babenengozi ephansi engama-27% yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kunalabo abasesigabeni esiphansi kakhulu se-quintile. Ukuhlaziywa kwemeta kwezifundo ezingama-25 zeqembu elibandakanya ababambiqhaza abacishe babe yizigidi ezi-1 kubonise ukuthi ukwenyuka ngakunye kwe-100mg/ngosuku ekudleni kwe-magnesium kuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwe-8% kuya ku-13% engcupheni yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esikhona, amazinga e-serum magnesium ancishisiwe nawo ahlobene kakhulu nokuqhubeka kwesifo kanye nezinkinga. Ucwaningo lweziguli ezingaphezu kuka-300 ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 lwathola ukuthi amazinga e-serum magnesium ayephansi kakhulu kulabo abanesifo senhliziyo kunalabo abanesifo sikashukela kuphela. Ekuphetheni, inani elikhulu lezifundo libonise ukuthi ukwesekwa kwe-magnesium kungase kubambezele ukuguga ngokuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-insulin.

?

4. Ukuntuleka kwe-Magnesium kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial I-Mitochondria yizindawo eziyinhloko ze-cell metabolism yamandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS). Phakathi nenqubo yokuguga, ukusebenza kahle kochungechunge lwezokuthutha lwe-electron ye-mitochondrial kuncipha futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-ROS kuyanda, okubangela ukuguqulwa kwe-mtDNA, i-membrane lipid peroxidation kanye nomunye umonakalo, ukwakha umjikelezo ononya nokusheshisa ukuguga kwamaseli. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ye-magnesium emzimbeni igcinwa ku-mitochondria, ebalulekile ekugcineni ukwakheka nokusebenza kwe-mitochondrial. Ku-mitochondria yesibindi segundane, amayunithi ayisishiyagalolunye kwangu-13 e-adenosine triphosphatase adinga i-magnesium njenge-cofactor. Ku-mitochondria ye-myocardial yegundane, i-magnesium ephansi inganciphisa kakhulu imisebenzi yama-enzyme abalulekile kumjikelezo we-tricarboxylic acid, njenge-isocitrate dehydrogenase ne-α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Ku-mitochondria yesibindi samagundane, ukushoda kwe-magnesium kunganciphisa izinga lokuhlanganiswa kwe-ATP ngaphezu kuka-60%, kwehlise izinga lokulawula ukuphefumula, futhi kukhuphule ukukhiqizwa kwe-ROS, okuholela ekwenyukeni komonakalo we-mtDNA kanye nezinga lokuguquka. I-Magnesium supplementation ingahlehlisa lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial. Kumaseli emisipha yamathambo omuntu kanye ne-cardiomyocyte, i-magnesium ephansi inganciphisa amandla olwelwesi lwe-mitochondrial, yenze ukuvulwa kwe-mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), iqalise ukukhululwa kwe-cytochrome C, futhi ekugcineni iholele ku-apoptosis. Kumaseli endothelial we-umbilical vein yomuntu, i-magnesium ephansi idala inani elikhulu le-ROS ye-mitochondrial ngokwenza kusebenze i-protein kinase C, okuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial. Ucwaningo lweziguli ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezine-metabolic syndrome lwathola ukuthi amazinga e-serum magnesium ayehlotshaniswa kahle nomsebenzi wokuphefumula we-mitochondrial futhi ahlotshaniswa kabi namazinga e-ROS ye-mitochondrial. Kafushane, ubufakazi obungenhla buphakamisa ukuthi i-magnesium iyisici esibalulekile ekugcineni i-homeostasis ye-mitochondrial, futhi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuguga.

?

Okwesihlanu, indima yokulawula ye-magnesium ekuvuvukeni okungapheli kanye nokuguga komzimba Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwebanga eliphansi kungesinye isici esibalulekile sokuguga. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi amazinga ezinto ezivuthayo ezifana ne-IL-6 ne-TNF-α kubantu asebekhulile akhuphuka kakhulu, kuyilapho amazinga e-anti-inflammatory cytokines afana ne-IL-10 ehla, futhi lezi zizwe ezivuthayo ezingapheli ezibangelwa ukuguga zaziwa ngokuthi "ukuvuvukala". Ukuguga kokuvuvukala kungabangela ukulimala kwezicubu nokungalingani komzimba, okuyisisekelo se-pathological sezifo eziningi ezingapheli. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lubonise ukuthi ukushoda kwe-magnesium kungabangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba. Ngosiko lwe-macrophage yegundane, i-magnesium ephansi ingaphakamisa-ukulawula umsebenzi we-NF-κB futhi ikhuthaze ukukhululwa kwezici ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala. Kumaseli we-bronchial epithelial wamagundane, ukugcinwa kwe-IL-6 ne-IL-8 kungandiswa izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3 ngokukhuthazwa kwe-LPS ngaphansi kwemvelo ephansi ye-magnesium. Emaseli endothelial omuntu, i-magnesium ephansi ingenza kusebenze indlela yokusayina ye-p38 MAPK, ibangele ukubonakaliswa kwama-adhesion molecules e-intercellular ukuba ilawuleke, futhi ikhulise impendulo yokuvuvukala. Emagundaneni angenayo i-magnesium, amazinga e-TNF-α, i-CRP kanye ne-interleukin ekujikelezeni kanye nezicubu zanda kakhulu, izitho zomzimba zokuzivikela zaziyi-atrophy, inombolo kanye nomsebenzi we-T kanye ne-B lymphocyte wehla, futhi ukuzivikela komzimba kwanda. Ukwengezwa kwe-Magnesium kungakhulula ngokuphumelelayo lezi zinkinga zokuvuvukala nokuzivikela komzimba. Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luye lwathola nokuthi i-magnesium ephansi ihlobene eduze nokuvuvukala okungapheli. Ucwaningo oluhlukene lwabantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-5,000 e-United States luthole ukuthi ukuhlushwa kwe-magnesium ku-serum kwakuhlobene kakhulu ne-CRP nokubalwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, kanti amazinga e-CRP kanye ne-IL-6 kuquartile ephansi kakhulu yamazinga e-magnesium ayengu-60% no-40% ephakeme kunalawo akwi-quartile ephakeme kakhulu. Ukuhlobana kwakunamandla nakakhulu kubantu abakhuluphele. Olunye ucwaningo lwabantu abangu-3,200 abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala be-65 bathola ukuthi amazinga e-serum magnesium ayehlotshaniswa kahle nobude be-telomere yamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe futhi ahlotshaniswa kabi namazinga e-CRP kanye ne-D-dimer. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta yezilingo ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe ezingama-25 ezinosayizi wesampula ophelele wabantu abangaphezu kuka-2,000 kubonise ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-magnesium ngomlomo kwehlisa amazinga e-serum e-CRP ngesilinganiso esingu-22%, i-TNF-α ngo-15%, kanye ne-IL-6 ngo-18%. Ngakho-ke, ukwesekwa kwe-magnesium kungase kubambezele ukuguga komzimba ngokusebenzisa imiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala.

?

Ubudlelwano bokulawula phakathi kwe-magnesium ne-autophagy Autophagy iyindlela ebalulekile yokuwohloka kwamangqamuzana nokususwa kwamaprotheni alimele nama-organelles, futhi ibalulekile ekugcineni i-homeostasis yendawo yeselula. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-autophagy uyancipha kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokuguga, futhi ukukhubazeka kwe-autophagy kungabangela ukuhlanganisa amaprotheni, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial, njll., futhi kusheshise ukuguga kwamaseli. I-Magnesium, njengesithunywa sesibili, ibandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukuqaliswa kanye nenqubo ye-autophagy. Kwimvubelo, ukushoda kwe-magnesium kuvimbela ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-autophagy i-Atg1 ne-Atg13 ngokwenza kusebenze indlela yokusayina ye-TORC1. Emaseli ezilwane ezincelisayo, indawo ephansi ye-magnesium ingavimbela umsebenzi we-ULK1, i-Beclin1 kanye namanye amaprotheni aqala i-autophagy, futhi ivimbele ukwakheka kwama-autophagosomes. Kumaseli ezinso zombungu womuntu, i-ejenti ye-magnesium ion chelating i-EDTA ingavimbela ukugeleza kwe-autophagy. Ukuhlolwa kwe-in vitro kubonise ukuthi ukugxila kokuphila kwama-ion e-magnesium kungabopha ngokuqondile futhi kwenze kusebenze i-Atg4, i-enzyme ye-proteolytic edingekayo ekuvuthweni kwe-autophagosome. Ucwaningo lwezilwane luphinde lwathola ukuthi ukwesekwa kokudla okulinganiselwe kwe-magnesium kunganciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-autophagy kuma-neurons kanye ne-cardiomyocytes, ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wokuqonda kanye nomsebenzi we-systolic yenhliziyo. Nakuba bungekho ubufakazi obuqondile bomtholampilo, ezinye izifundo zokuqaphela ziphakamisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-magnesium ne-autophagy. Amazinga e-Magnesium ahlotshaniswa kahle nokuvezwa komaka be-autophagy i-Atg5 ne-Beclin1 kuzicubu zobuchopho kanye namangqamuzana egazi ayingxenye ye-mononuclear ezigulini ezinesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukugxilwa kwe-magnesium ku-serum kuhlobene eduze namazinga enkulumo yezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-autophagy LC3 kanye ne-p62. Sengiphetha, i-magnesium cishe izodlala indima ebalulekile ekumelaneni nokuguga ngokulawula i-autophagy. Kodwa indlela yayo ethile idinga ukuqhutshekiselwa phambili ukufunda.

?

7. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweMagnesium kanye nezitshalo zamathumbu Izitshalo zamathumbu "ziyisitho" esibalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, esidlala indima engenakushintshwa ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okunomsoco, ukulawulwa kokuzivikela komzimba, i-neuroendocrine nezinye izici. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi izinguquko ekwakhekeni nasekusebenzeni kwe-gut microbiota zihlobene eduze nokuguga. Isibonelo, ingxenye yama-firmicutes nama-Bacteroides emathunjini abantu asebekhulile yehla kakhulu, kuyilapho ingxenye yamagciwane angosomathuba afana ne-enterococcus ne-Staphylococcus yanda. Lokhu kungalingani kwezitshalo kungabangela ukulimala emgodleni wamathumbu, kukhuthaze ukukhululwa kwezici ezivuthayo, futhi kukhulise ukuvuvukala okungapheli kuwo wonke umzimba.

?

Njenge-substrate ebalulekile yezakhi emathunjini, i-magnesium ingathinta ukwakheka kwezitshalo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene. Emagundaneni angenawo amagciwane, amanzi okuphuza acebile nge-magnesium angakhuphula kakhulu inani lamabhaktheriya anenzuzo njenge-bifidobacterium ne-Bacteroides, futhi anciphise inani le-pH yamathumbu. Kumodeli yegundane ye-colitis, i-magnesium supplementation yanciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezitshalo zamathumbu futhi yavimbela ukusebenza kwe-NF-κB endleleni yokubonisa ukuvuvukala. Ekuhlolweni kwabantu okunempilo, ingxenye ye-bifidobacteria endle inyuke ngemva kwamasonto angu-8 wokwengezwa kwe-magnesium, futhi amazinga e-lipopolysaccharide, i-D-lactic acid namanye ama-metabolites amagciwane ehla. Olunye ucwaningo lwangaphambi komtholampilo luphinde lwathola ukuthi ukushoda kwe-magnesium kungaphazamisa ukuhlangana kwamathumbu okuqinile, kukhuphule ukungena, futhi kudale izimo zokudluliswa kwe-endotoxin ye-enterogenic.

?

I-Magnesium nayo ingathinta inqubo yokuguga yomninikhaya ngokulawula umzimba webhaktheriya. Isibonelo, i-magnesium ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha e-short-chain fatty acids njenge-Bifidobacterium, eyenza i-G-protein-coupled receptor GPR43 isebenze, evimbela ukuvuvukala okuhlobene nokukhuluphala kanye nokumelana ne-insulin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnesium nayo ingathinta i-bile acid kanye ne-tryptophan metabolism, futhi ukuphazamiseka kwalezi zindlela ezimbili kuhlobene eduze nezifo zokuguga kanye ne-neurodeergenerative. Sengiphetha, i-magnesium kulindeleke ukuthi ibe isu elisha lokubambezela ukuguga ngokulungisa kabusha izitshalo zamathumbu nokulawula i-bacterium-gut-brain axis, kodwa imiphumela yayo yesikhathi eside idinga ukuqinisekiswa yizifundo ezizoba yiqembu.

?

Kafushane, inombolo enkulu yobufakazi bokuhlola kanye ne-epidemiological ibonisa ukuthi i-magnesium iyisakhi esibalulekile sokumelana nokuguga nokukhuthaza impilo nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ibandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukuguga ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

?

Nakuba imiphumela yokwengezwa kwe-magnesium esikhathini sokuphila komuntu okwamanje ayitholakali, ubufakazi obungaqondile bubonisa ukuthi i-magnesium ingasiza ukubambezela ama-phenotypes amaningi okuguga futhi ithuthukise okulindelekile kwezempilo. Esikhathini esizayo, izifundo zeqembu ezizoba khona kanye nokuhlola okulawulwa ngokungahleliwe kuyadingeka ukuze kuqhutshekwe kucaciswe imiphumela yokulwa nokuguga ye-magnesium kanye nobudlelwano bayo bomphumela womthamo, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ubufakazi obusekelwe ebufakazini bokwakhiwa kwamasu okwengezwa kwe-magnesium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sokudla okunomsoco we-magnesium kanye nesidingo sabantu abahlukene akufani, ngakho-ke ukwakhiwa kohlelo olulodwa lwesithasiselo se-magnesium nakho kuyinkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe. Kukholakala ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kwemithi yokuguga nokudla, ekugcineni sizodalula zonke izimfihlakalo zalesi sici somlingo i-magnesium, futhi siyisebenzise ukulwa nokuguga futhi sifeze iphupho lokuphila isikhathi eside enempilo.

?