Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuzila ukudla kuye kwaba intandokazi entsha yomphakathi wesayensi, ukuzila ukudla kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa umzimba futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwezilwane, empeleni, inani elikhulayo lezifundo libonisa ukuthi ukuzila kunezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo, ukuthuthukisa impilo ye-metabolic, ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela izifo eziza nokuguga, ngisho nokunciphisa ukukhula kwezimila.
Ukuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile, njengokuvinjelwa kwekhalori, kukhonjisiwe ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila nempilo enempilo yezilwane eziyimodeli ezifana nemvubelo, i-nematodes, izimpukane zezithelo, namagundane. Kubantu, ukuzila ukudla okuphakathi nesikhathi eside, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwekhalori okuqhubekayo, kunemiphumela emihle kumapharamitha amaningi ahlobene nempilo angase abe nesisekelo esivamile sokusebenza, futhi kunobufakazi obuqinile bokuthi i-autophagy ilamula le miphumela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spermidine (SPD) iye yahlotshaniswa ngokufanayo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-autophagy, anti-aging, kanye nezigameko ezincishisiwe zezifo zenhliziyo ne-neurodeergenerative kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane.

Ngomhla ziyisi-8 ku-Agasti 2024, Abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseGraz e-Austria, iSorbonne eParis kanye neNyuvesi yaseCrete eGreece bashicilele iphepha elinesihloko esithi "Spermidine is important for fasting mediated autophagy" kumagazini i-Nature Cell Biology and longevity "iphepha locwaningo.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-spermidine iyadingeka ukuze kutholakale i-autophagy esheshayo kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, nokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi sokuphila kanye nesikhathi sezempilo ngokuzila ukudla kwezinhlobo eziningi kuncike kancane ekuguqulweni kwe-eIF5A-hypusination encike ku-spermidine kanye nokufakwa okulandelayo kwe-autophagy.

Ezilwaneni ezincelisayo, ukuncipha okuhlobene neminyaka ku-autophagy flux kukhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwama-protein aggregates kanye nama-organelles angasebenzi, kanye nokwehluleka kokucaciswa kwe-pathogen nokwanda kokuvuvukala.

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-autophagy ezingeni lofuzo kusheshise inqubo yokuguga kumagundane. Ukulahlekelwa ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kwezakhi zofuzo ezilawula noma ukwenza i-autophagy kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nesifo senhliziyo, isifo esithathelwanayo, isifo se-neurodegenerative, kanye nezifo ze-metabolic, musculoskeletal, eye, namaphaphu, eziningi zazo ezifana nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokuphambene, ukukhuthazwa kwe-autophagy ezingeni lofuzo kukhuthaza ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuphila isikhathi eside okunempilo ezilwaneni eziyimodeli, okuhlanganisa izimpukane zezithelo namagundane.

Ngaphezu kokungenelela okunomsoco, ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyamine spermidine yemvelo ezilwaneni eziyimodeli ezifana nemvubelo, i-nematodes, izimpukane zezithelo, namagundane elinye isu lokwelula isikhathi sokuphila ngendlela encike ku-autophagy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spermidine ingabuyisela i-autophagy flux ekujikelezeni kwama-lymphocyte kubantu asebekhulile, okuhambisana nokubona ukuthi ukwanda kwe-spermidine yokudla kuhlotshaniswa nokunciphisa ukufa kwabantu bonke.

I-Spermidine iwuhlobo lwe-polyamine yemvelo etholakala kabanzi ezintweni eziphilayo. Eminyakeni yamuva, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-spermidine inemiphumela yemilingo futhi enamandla yokulwa nokuguga.

Ngakho-ke, ukuzila ukudla, ukuvinjelwa kwe-caloric, kanye ne-spermidine kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezilwane eziyisibonelo futhi kusebenze umphumela wokuvikela ogcinwe nge-phylogenetically, oncike ku-autophagy ekugugeni. Kulolu cwaningo lwakamuva, ithimba locwaningo liqhubekile lahlola ukuthi ingabe imiphumela yokuvikela yezifo zokuzila ukudla ngezikhathi ezithile ihlobene noma incike ku-spermidine.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi amazinga e-spermidine anda imvubelo, izimpukane zezithelo, amagundane kanye nabantu ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzila ukudla noma i-caloric restriction regimens. Izakhi zofuzo noma izidakamizwa ezivimba ukwakheka kwe-spermidine endo native zinciphisa i-autophagy eyenziwa ngokushesha ku-yeast, nematodes, namaseli omuntu.

Ukwengeza, ukuphazamisa indlela ye-polyamine emzimbeni kungaqeda imiphumela eqhubekayo yokuzila ukudla isikhathi eside nokuphila okunempilo, kanye nemiphumela yokuzivikela yokuzila ukudla enhliziyweni kanye nemiphumela yokulwa nesifo samathambo.

Ngomshini, i-spermidine ilamula le miphumela ngokudala i-autophagy kanye ne-hypusination ye-eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A. I-axis ye-polyamine-Hypusnation iyihabhu le-phylogenetically conserved metabolic regulatory ku-autophagy-mediated esheshayo yokuthuthukisa kanye nokwandiswa kwempilo.

Sekukonke, ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokuzila ukudla isikhathi eside nokuphila okunempilo ezinhlotsheni eziningi kuncike ngokwengxenye ekuguqulweni kwe-eIF5A-hypusination encike ku-spermidine kanye nokungeniswa okulandelayo kwe-autophagy.