* Izici zotshwala zikashukela:

Inombolo ye-athomu yekhabhoni
Isisindo samangqamuzana
Iphuzu lokuncibilika / ° C
Izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi
/ ℃
Ukushisa kwesisombululo /(cal/
Ukuqina kwe-thermal / ° C
Ukuzinza kwe-Acid
Ukunyibilika /(w/w%) /(20℃)
i-hygroscopicity
ukuncibilika
ubucwebe
Ukugcinwa komswakama
ubusha
ukuvumeleka
i-viscosity
Iphuzu lokuqandisa liyancipha
Ukuzinza okushisayo
I-polysaccharide ye-Fermentative saccharol

i-xylitol
I-Sorbitol
I-Maltitol
i-lactitol
I-Isomaltol
I-D-mannitol
I-Mannitol, njll

I-monosaccharide esebenzayo

ushukela
levulose
xylose
igalactose
umnono

Ama-oligosaccharides asebenzayo

Isomaltolose
i-lactoketose
i-raffinose
Ama-oligosaccharides we-soya
i-fructooligosaccharide
I-Lactulose oligosaccharide
I-Xylo-oligosaccharide
I-Galactooligosaccharide
i-isomaltooligosaccharide
I-Alginic acid
I-polysaccharide ye-algal
i-chitosan
i-glucan

I-disaccharide esebenzayo

I-fiber yokudla
I-polysaccharide yesikhunta
i-chitosan
i-lentinan
i-polyglucose
Ukumelana ne-oxidation
i-bacteriostasis
Umkhawulo wobumnandi
ukubukeka
Umbala nokucwebezela
iphunga
Ukunambitha.

* Isigaba sotshwala obushukela

I-Polysaccharide saccharol

i-xylitol
I-Sorbitol

I-Maltitol
i-lactitol
I-Isomaltol
I-D-mannitol
I-Mannitol, njll

I-monosaccharide esebenzayo

ushukela
levulose
xylose
igalactose
umnono

Ama-oligosaccharides asebenzayo

Isomaltolose
i-lactoketose
i-raffinose
Ama-oligosaccharides we-soya
i-fructooligosaccharide
I-Lactulose oligosaccharide
I-Xylo-oligosaccharide
I-Galactooligosaccharide
i-isomaltooligosaccharide
I-Alginic acid
I-polysaccharide ye-algal
i-chitosan
i-glucan

I-disaccharide esebenzayo

I-fiber yokudla
I-polysaccharide yesikhunta
i-chitosan
i-lentinan
I-Polyglucose, njll.

* Ithebula lokusebenza lotshwala obuhlukahlukene boshukela obusetshenziswa ekudleni okubhakiwe kanye nemikhiqizo ye-rice khekhe (i-concentration/Pommel degree /%) Ithebula le-oda le-anti-corrosion/anti-oxidation kanye nezakhiwo zokuthambisa

I-Erythritol
I-Fructose isiraphu utshwala
i-gluconol
Utshwala be-Malt
i-melitol
i-xylitol
I-Mannitol
I-Sorbitol
I-Maltitol
I-Isomaltitol
i-lactitol
Phendula utshwala
I-Oligosaccharide utshwala
I-Rohanitol
zeitol
Utshwala obushukela obhatata
I-Minitol
Utshwala bamabele, njll.

* Ithebula lobumnandi obuhlobene noshukela, imikhiqizo kashukela, ama-sweeteners, isiraphu, utshwala obushukela, i-caramel

"Igama likashukela" kanye "nobumnandi obuhlobene"

I-Sucrose engu-100
I-Fructose 114 ~ 175
IGlucose 74
I-Galactose 30 ~ 60
I-Maltose 32 ~ 60
Ubisi 12 kuya ku-27
Izinkuni 40 ~ 70
I-Sorbitol 50-70
I-Maltitol 75~9540
I-Xylitol 100 ~ 140
I-Mannitol 70
I-Lactitol 30-40
I-Saccharin 20000 ~ 50000
I-Sucralose 40000 ~ 80000
I-Sweetener 10000 ~ 20000
Cyclamate 3000 ~ 4000
I-Stevioside 150 ~ 20000
I-sodium glycyrrhizinate 20000 ~ 25000
Ingxabano 200000
I-Acesulfamil 20000
I-Dihydrochalcone 30,000 ~ 200000
I-Fructooligosaccharide 30 ~ 60
Ama-oligosaccharides we-soya 70
I-Galactooligosaccharide 20 ~ 40 njll.

Guqulela isiraphu:

I-Sucrose yengezwa ekuguqulweni kwe-asidi noma kwe-enzymatic (ukusabela okuvula izibopho zamangqamuzana) ukwakha isiraphu ye-glucose isiraphu ye-fructose.

I-Sucrose iyi-disaccharide, isibopho samangqamuzana esihlanganisa ingxenye eyodwa ye-glucose nengxenye eyodwa ye-fructose.

Ukwenza isiraphu eguquliwe elungile, kuyadingeka ukufanisa izinga likaphethiloli elihle kanye nenqubo yefomula yezinga eliqhubekayo nokuzinza, ifomula yenqubo kanye nezinto zokusebenza kanye nendlela yokulungiselela enembile.

Izinkampani eziningi ziyi-sucrose + citric acid + ibhodwe lensimbi (imishini yensimbi engagqwali) + amanzi +1-3h thumba kanye ne-pulp; Le khwalithi yesiraphu ayizinzile ngokwedlulele, uma izinga elizinzile kufanele linake lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1.Baume degree control ku-40 (78-79%)
2.Izinga lokushisa lilawulwa ku-108℃ ~ 110℃
3.Ungadluli ku-110℃
4. Izinga lokuguqulwa lika-75% (20% isiraphu ye-glucose + 22% isiraphu yombila ephezulu ye-fructose)
5.Qhathanisa ama-syrups axubile ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, lapho exutshwe notshwala obushukela obusezingeni elihlukile kanye nokugxila
Ukuthi isiraphu yasekuqaleni eguquliwe noma isiraphu exutshwe utshwala obushukela, njll., kumele ifane nedivayisi yobumba kanye nezinga lokushisa elingaguquki elingu-20 ° C ~ 22 ° C, izinga lokushisa elihlobene lika-45% ~ 55% kanye nokusabalalisa okuhle kanye nesitoreji esingashisi ilanga 20d ~ 60d ukuvutshelwa kwe-micro-transformation kuqediwe.