Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba izinga lokukhuluphala likhula emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuthambekela kwesifo sikashukela esithinta abantu abasha kukhula, "ukulawula ushukela wegazi" sekuyinkinga eyinhloko empilweni yomphakathi. Kule mpi yokulwa nobumnandi, umbango phakathi kwe-sucrose yendabuko kanye ne-sucralose ebambele ushukela uya ngokudlondlobala - eyokuqala imele ubumnandi bangempela obunikezwa imvelo, kuyilapho lokhu kufanekisela isifiso somuntu sobuchwepheshe sokuguqula ama-molecule. Ukuncintisana kwabo akuwona nje umdlalo wokunambitha, kodwa futhi kubonisa umzabalazo wamandla oyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokuphepha kokudla, isayensi ye-metabolic kanye nezithakazelo zezohwebo.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Isahluko 1 Inguquko Emnandi: Ukugxuma kwezobuchwepheshe kusuka ezimobeni kuya ezindaweni zokucwaninga

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 1.1 I-Sucrose: Ikhodi emnandi Yemvelo

Umlando we-sucrose ungalandelelwa emuva eNdiya cishe ngo-500 BC, lapho abantu beqala ukukhipha ushukela oyikristale kujusi lomoba. Imvelo yayo yamakhemikhali ?Isakhiwo se-disaccharide se-glucose ne-fructose (C??H??O??) ?, njengomkhiqizo we-photosynthesis ezitshalweni, ehlinzeka ngomthombo wamandla osheshayo kubantu.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 I-logic yokukhiqiza : Ukucindezela kukamoba/ubhontshisi kashukela → ukuhlanzwa → ukufakwa kwamakristalu, kuncike ekutshalweni kwezolimo nasekucutshungulweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Inani eliyinhloko : Amakhalori angu-4 igremu ngalinye, ibhentshimakhi yobumnandi engu-1, ehambisana ngokwemvelo nama-taste bud receptors;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko : Kusukela "egolideni elimhlophe" laseRoma lasendulo kuya endimeni yomphefumulo ekubhakeni kwesimanje, umoba uthwele isifiso somuntu esingokwemvelo sobumnandi.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 1.2 I-Sucralose: Isimangaliso esimnandi esiguqulwe ngamangqamuzana

Ngo-1976, ososayensi e-Tate & Lyle e-UK, ngenkathi benza isibulala-zinambuzane, bathola ngephutha ukuthi ukufaka esikhundleni samaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl ku-molecule ye-sucrose nge-athomu ye-chlorine (C??H??Cl?O?) kukhiqiza ukunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu okungewona umzimba womuntu. Lokhu kutholakala kudale i-Sucralose, iqala inkathi entsha yemboni ethatha indawo kashukela.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 I-logic yokukhiqiza : I-Sucrose chlorination → ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali → ukuhlanzwa, kuncike ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali okunembayo;

Ukuphumelela kokusebenza kwe-Youdaoplaceholder0 : Ubumnandi obuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-600 kune-sucrose, amakhalori aziro, ukumelana nokushisa (kufanele ukubhaka nokuvalwa kweziphuzo);

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Business boom : Ngemva kokugunyazwa yi-FDA ngo-1998, i-sucralose yathatha ngokushesha imakethe yesiphuzo engenashukela, ngosayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-1.8 ngo-2022.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isahluko 2 Ingxabano Yezempilo: Izindlela Ze-Metabolic Nemingcele Yezokuphepha

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 2.1 Umphumela wenkemba esika nhlangothi zombili we-sucrose

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Indlela ye-Metabolic : I-Sucrose → Iphuke emathunjini ibe ushukela + i-fructose → ingena emgudwini wegazi ukuze ithole amandla noma igcinwe njengamafutha.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ubufakazi obusekelayo : I-WHO incoma ukuthi ukudla kwansuku zonke ushukela wamahhala kube ngaphansi kuka-10% wengqikithi yamakholori (cishe amagremu angu-50 we-sucrose);

Isexwayiso Sengozi Ye-Youdaoplaceholder0 : Ukudla ngokweqile kuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukucasuka kwamazinyo, ukumelana ne-insulin, nokufa kwezigidi ezingu-35 ngenxa yezifo ezihlobene noshukela emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye.

Youdaoplaceholder0 2.2 Iphazili Yezokuphepha ye-sucralose

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Izici ze-Metabolic : I-molecule inkulu kakhulu ukuthi ingahlukaniswa ama-enzyme amathumbu → ikhishwa ngokuqondile futhi ayihlanganyeli kumetabolism yamandla.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukuvumela okusemthethweni : I-FDA, i-EFSA kanye ne-JECFA zonke zinqume ukuphepha kwayo, ngokudla okuvunyelwe kwansuku zonke (i-ADI) kwesisindo somzimba esingu-5mg/kg;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukugxila kwengxabano :

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Youdaoplaceholder0 Gut microbiota : Ucwaningo lwango-2018 kuMvelo luphakamise ukuthi i-sucralose ingase ivimbele ukukhula kwama-probiotics noma ikhulise ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ingozi yokubola kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu : I-Chloropropanol (i-carcinogen engaba khona) ingase ikhishwe ngaphezu kuka-120 ° C, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwangempela ekuphekeni kuphansi kakhulu;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isimo sengqondo sokuthembela kubumnandi ? : Ukusebenzisa noma ukuqinisa ukulangazelela ukudla okunoshukela ophezulu isikhathi eside ngokungaqondile kwandisa amakhalori adlayo.

Youdaoplaceholder0 Umbono wochwepheshe :

Ama-sweeteners okwenziwa awazona izimbuzi zezinkinga zempilo, kodwa aziyona i-panacea futhi. Okubalulekile ukuqonda izimo zayo ezisebenzayo.

-- UDkt. Sara Smith, uProfesa Wokudla Okunomsoco e-Johns Hopkins University

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isahluko 3 Sombukiso Wezicelo: Inkundla Yempi Emnandi Yomkhakha Wokudla

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 3.1 Ukungaphindiseli indawo kwe-sucrose

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Inkambu yokubhaka : Ukusabela kwe-caramelization (Ukusabela kwe-Maillard) kunikeza isinkwa uqweqwe olusagolide kanye nephunga elimnandi. I-Sucralose ayinazo lezi zici futhi ama-colorants kanye nama-flavour kufanele kwengezwe;

Imboni yesiphuzo se-Youdaoplaceholder0 : Amakhola endabuko ancike ebumnandini obunzima be-sucrose. Ukuhlolwa okuyimpumputhe ngabathengi kubonisa ukuthi izinguqulo ezifakwe esikhundleni sikashukela zivame ukugxekwa ngokuba "ne-aftertaste ebuthakathaka";

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ithrendi ekhulayo : Ukudla okwenziwe ngezandla kugcizelela ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-sucrose yemvelo futhi kugcizelela umqondo wokuthi "Ilebula Elihlanzekile".

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 3.2 Umbuso wezohwebo we-sucralose

Iziphuzo ezingenashukela we-Youdaoplaceholder0 : Imikhiqizo efana ne-Coke Zero ne-Yanki Forest izuze "inganekwane ye-zero-calorie" nge-sucralose, futhi imakethe yesiphuzo engenashukela e-China ikhule ngo-25% ngo-2023;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukudla okusebenzayo : Njengesishukela esiyisisekelo ekudleni okukhethekile kwesifo sikashukela kanye nokudla okushintsha amakhalori ukuze kubhekwane nokungqubuzana phakathi kobumnandi nama-calories;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Ukungena okungabonakali : Ezinkambini okungezona ezokudla ezifana nomuthi wokuxubha amazinyo nokufakwa kwemithi, kusizakala ngama-anti-caries kanye nokuzinza.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Case: Isu elimnandi lika-Pepsi-Cola

Ngo-2021, i-PepsiCo yamemezela ukuthi izoyeka i-aspartame emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika futhi ishintshe ngokuphelele kumafomula e-sucralose. Lesi sinqumo siholele ekwenyukeni ngo-14% ekuthengisweni kwaminyaka yonke kolayini bawo womkhiqizo ongenashukela, okuqinisekisa ukukhetha kwabathengi "kokuthatha indawo kashukela ophephile".

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isahluko 4 I-Outlook Yekusasa: Ukuvela nokuphilisana kwamaswidi

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 4.1 Ukuphindaphinda Kwezobuchwepheshe: Ukunyuka kwamaswidi esizukulwane sesithathu

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Izibambisi zikashukela wemvelo : I-Stevia ne-mogroside zithatha imakethe esezingeni eliphezulu ngelebula ethi "extract plant";

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Blending scheme : Umkhiqizo oyinhlanganisela we-sucralose ne-erythritol, ukunambitheka kokulinganisa kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Precision Sweet Taste : Idizayini esizwa yi-AI yama-molecule amasha wokunambitha alingisa izindlela ze-metabolic kanye namajika okunambitheka kwe-sucrose.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 4.2 Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqaphela umthengi

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isikole Sokulawula Ushukela Wesayensi : Khetha izinto ezinoshukela ngokwendawo - i-sucrose yokugcwalisa ushukela wangemva kokuzivocavoca, izinandisi zokwenziwa zeziphuzo zansuku zonke;

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 I-Natural fundamentalism : Melana nazo zonke izithasiselo zokwenziwa ukuze ukhulise ukusetshenziswa kwe-organic sucrose;

Ukungqubuzana kwe-Youdaoplaceholder0 Gen Z : Amaphesenti angama-87 abantu abasha athenga iziphuzo ezingenashukela futhi azitike ngokudla okulula okunoshukela omningi njengetiye lobisi, okubonisa ukuhlukana phakathi kokuqwashisa ngezempilo nokuzijabulisa kwezinzwa.

I-Youdaoplaceholder0 Isiphetho: Ingqikithi yobumnandi ukukhetha

Kulo mdlalo ophakathi kwemvelo nokwenziwa, akekho umnqobi ophelele. I-Sucrose imele inkontileka yakudala phakathi kwabantu nemvelo, futhi i-sucralose ikhombisa isifiso sobuchwepheshe sokuguqula impilo. Uma sithatha ithini lesiphuzo phambi kweshalofu lesuphamakethe, esikukhethayo akuwona nje ubumnandi, kodwa futhi ivoti lezempilo, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nengqondo yebhizinisi. Mhlawumbe ukuhlakanipha kwesayensi kweqiniso kusekuqondeni: Ukuphela kobumnandi akukhona ukufaka esikhundleni, kodwa ukulingana.