i-teapolyphenols (TPs) yitemu elivamile lenhlanganisela ye-polyhydroxyphenolic etiyeni, okuhlanganisa ama-flavanols (catechins), ama-flavandiol, ama-flavonoid nama-phenolic acid. Ama-Catechins ayikilasi lezinto ezibalulekile kuma-polyphenols etiye, okubalelwa ku-60% kuya ku-80% yenani eliphelele letiye polyphenols. Ngokuyinhloko aqukethe ama-monomers ayi-8, kufaka phakathi i-epigallocatechin ntambala, u-gallocatechin, epicatechin ntambala, i-epicatechin ntambala, i-epicatechin ntambala, i-epicatechin ne-epicatechin.

Enqubweni yokucubungula itiye, i-polyphenol oxidase ne-peroxidase oxidize amacatechin ukuze kutholwe i-thearubin, i-theaflavin kanye ne-theaflavin yemibala yetiye emithathu. Lawa ma-TP awanikezi nje itiye ukunambitheka kwalo okuyinkimbinkimbi nombala, kodwa futhi azuzisa impilo yomuntu.

Namuhla, ngenkathi bephishekela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kwekhwalithi ephezulu, abantu baphinde bacabangele ukuthuthukiswa kokuluhlaza kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha. Ama-polyphenols etiye ane-antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer kanye ne-anti-obesity, ngakho abacwaningi bawasebenzise emithini nasekudleni.

Kwezokwelapha, abacwaningi basebenzisa izinhlelo zokulethwa ukuze bavikele izidakamizwa ezonakaliswa kalula futhi bathuthukise i-bioavailability yazo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyphenols yetiye ihlanganiswe namaprotheni nama-polysaccharides ukwenza imikhiqizo emisha yokuvikela ilanga nezidakamizwa, ezisetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ukulwa nokungezwani komzimba, i-anti-pathogen, ukugcina impilo yomlomo kanye nokulawula i-lipid metabolism.

Emkhakheni wocwaningo lokudla, ama-polyphenols etiye ahlanganiswa ikakhulukazi nama-polysaccharides, amaprotheni, njll., ngokusebenzisana kwama-molecule ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lezinzwa zokudla, andise isikhathi sokugcina ukudla, futhi enze izinto zokupakisha ukudla. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, sixoxe ngocwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwetiye polyphenols emkhakheni wokudla nemithi, ukuze sinikeze ireferensi yocwaningo olujulile lwetiye polyphenols ekudleni nasemithi.

1.Izakhiwo zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali wetiye polyphenols

I-polyphenols yetiye itholakala emaqabunga etiye futhi iyingxube ye-organic polyhydroxyl compounds, okuhlanganisa ama-catechin, ama-anthocyanins, ama-flavonols nama-phenolic acid, njll. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-antioxidant i-catechin. Phakathi kwazo, i-epigallocatechin gallate ibalwa ku-50% kuya ku-60%, i-epicatechin gallate ibalwa ku-15% kuya ku-20%, i-epigallocatechin ibalwa ku-10% kuya ku-15%, i-gallatechin ibalwa ku-6% kuya ku-8% kuthi i-epicatechin ibalwa ku-4% kuya ku-6%. Ezingeni lokushisa lekamelo, i-polyphenols yetiye iyimpushana ephuzi ngokukhanyayo noma eluhlaza, ukunambitheka okune-astringent, ukumelana ne-asidi eqinile, kuzinzile ku-pH 2~7; Ama-polyphenol etiye ane-hygroscopicity ethile futhi kulula ukushintsha umbala endaweni ene-alkali.

2.Umsebenzi webhayoloji wetiye polyphenols

Ama-polyphenols etiye anemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yebhayoloji efana ne-antioxidant, i-antibacterial kanye ne-anti-mutation, i-EGCG igcwele kakhulu kumacatechin futhi idlala umsebenzi oyinhloko we-antioxidant. Umsebenzi webhayoloji uvela eqenjini le-phenolic hydroxyl kuma-polyphenols etiye, elidlala imisebenzi ehlukene yebhayoloji ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokudla. Le misebenzi ekhethekile yenza ama-polyphenols etiye asetshenziswe kabanzi ekudleni.

Ukusetshenziswa kwetiye polyphenols ekudleni

1.Ukulondolozwa nokugcinwa kokudla

I-polyphenols yetiye ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekulondolozeni ukudla nasekulondolozeni, imiphumela yayo engeyona enobuthi kanye nezici zokuphepha ezidliwayo zikwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle. Ingavimbela ukuguquguquka kwe-oxidation yokudla, ithuthukise ukuzinza kwe-cellulose, futhi ivikele imisoco ekudleni.

2.Buyisela ama-antioxidants okwenziwa

Ngokunaka okukhokhelwa ukuphepha kokudla, ama-polyphenols etiye kancane kancane athatha indawo yama-antioxidants okwenziwa njengama-antioxidants emvelo. Ngeke isetshenziswe kuphela kumafutha ezilwane nemifino, imikhiqizo yenyama, imikhiqizo yasemanzini, ukudla kwezithelo nemifino, njll., kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ku-pastry, candy nokunye. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umsebenzi we-antioxidant wetiye polyphenols waqala ukusetshenziswa kumafutha nokudla okunamafutha. Ngenxa yomsebenzi we-phenol hydroxyl eringini ye-benzene yamacatechin ukuhlinzeka nge-hydrogen, inekhono eliqinile lokunciphisa futhi iba i-antioxidant yemvelo efanelekile yamafutha.

Indlela ye-antioxidative ye-polyphenols yetiye iwukuthi iqembu elisebenzayo le-phenol hydroxyl, njengomnikezeli we-hydrogen, libophezela eqenjini lamahhala lama-fatty acids, liphazamisa ukusabela kochungechunge lwe-fatty acid oxidation, futhi ngaleyo ndlela livimbele ukwakheka kwe-hydroperoxide. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-polyphenols etiye ancibilika ku-fat angancibilika ngokulandela izakhi zensimbi eziguquguqukayo emafutheni, ukuze alahlekelwe umsebenzi we-catalytic futhi anqamule ukusabela kweketango lamahhala emthonjeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu le-phenol hydroxyl ngokwalo li-oxidized kalula, elinciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-oksijini emafutheni futhi libambezele i-oxidation yamafutha.

3.Ukuthuthukiswa kokudla okusebenzayo

I-polyphenols yetiye ikhombisa amandla amakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokudla okusebenzayo, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali okuhlukile kunquma ukuthi inamandla aqinile okususa ama-radicals mahhala. Ama-polyphenol etiye anamandla aphansi e-REDOX, iqembu le-polyo-phenol hydroxyl linganikeza i-hydrogen ukuthi iphazamise noma inqamule ukusabela kweketango lamahhala, futhi isakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele sinquma ukuthi inamandla aqinile okususa ama-radicals mahhala. Ama-polyphenols etiye angenza kusebenze uhlelo lokulahla ama-radicals mahhala, futhi avimbele ukukhiqizwa kwama-radicals mahhala ngokuvimbela ama-ion ensimbi eshintshashintshayo abangela i-oxidation wesistimu ye-oxidase. Njenge-scavenger yemvelo yamahhala, i-polyphenols yetiye inenzuzo ekugcineni impilo yabantu. Nakuba i-China isakhula kulo mkhakha, inamathemba abanzi entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.

4.Ukufaka isicelo ekulondolozweni kwemikhiqizo yenyama nemikhiqizo yasemanzini

Amagciwane avamile e-pathogenic emikhiqizweni yenyama yi-pseudomonas, i-Enterobacter, i-staphylococcus ne-salmonella, futhi amagciwane ayinhloko abangela ukubola kwemikhiqizo yasemanzini yi-pseudomonas bacteria. Ama-polyphenols etiye angavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwamabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene, anciphise i-oxidation yamafutha, abambezele ukuwohloka, ngaleyo ndlela andise ubusha bemikhiqizo yenyama nemikhiqizo yasemanzini.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-polyphenols etiye engulube, inyama yenkomo, yemvu kanye neminye imikhiqizo yenyama kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezingcezu zezinhlanzi, i-surimi, amabhola ezinhlanzi nezimfanzi neminye imikhiqizo yasemanzini kuye kwabikwa ngokulandelana, iyi-ejenti ekahle yokugcina izinto zemvelo. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwesisombululo setiye se-polyphenol sokulondoloza, kuba ngcono umphumela wokuvinjelwa kumagciwane emikhiqizo yenyama nemikhiqizo yasemanzini, kodwa ama-polyphenols etiye azoba nemiphumela emibi ekuboneni kwezinzwa zenyama, okuholela embala wenyama. Ama-polyphenols etiye angavimbela ukukhula kwezinhlobo eziningi zamabhaktheriya, kodwa indlela yalo ayicacile.

5.Ukusebenza ekugcinweni kwezithelo nemifino

Ukulawulwa okungcono kokulahlekelwa kwamanzi okubangelwa amagciwane ayingozi ekulimaleni kwezithelo; I-polyphenols yetiye inomphumela ophezulu we-antioxidant, onganciphisa ukulimala kwe-oxidative yezithelo nemifino, ulawule umsebenzi we-polyphenol oxidase, futhi wenze kusebenze uhlelo lokuzivikela lwezithelo nemifino. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-molecule etiye e-polyphenol aqukethe inqwaba yamaqembu asebenzayo e-phenolic hydroxyl, anganikeza ngokuqondile i-hydrogen emangqamuzaneni kuvithamini C ezithelweni nasemifino, ukuze ikwazi ukugcina isimo esincishisiwe futhi inciphise ukulahlekelwa uvithamini C.

Ukuhlushwa okuphansi kwetiye polyphenols efuthwe noma embozwe phezu kwezithelo nemifino emisha kungavimbela ukuzala kwamagciwane futhi kwandise impilo entsha yezithelo nemifino. Indlela yokugcina entsha iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izici ezivelele zihlukile ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezithelo nemifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyphenols yetiye nayo ingabambezela isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo nemifino, ngoba inomphumela wokunciphisa umsebenzi we-biochemical wezithelo nemifino. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokulondoloza i-polyphenols yetiye yezithelo nemifino ehlukene ayifani, futhi umthamo odingekayo kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukene zihlukile, nazo ezidinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe.

Ukusetshenziswa tea polyphenols kwezokwelapha

1, i-anti-oxidation kanye ne-anti-radiation

Ngenxa yesakhiwo salo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele, i-polyphenols yetiye inomthamo onamandla kakhulu wokulwa ne-antioxidant, ongaphezu kwama-antioxidant avamile njenge-VC, VE kanye nama-antioxidant okwenziwa e-BHT, i-BHA njalonjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyphenols yetiye ingaphinde isuse ama-radicals mahhala ayingozi, ithuthukise ukuzivikela komzimba, kanye nokuphuma kwe-catechin kunganciphisa ubuthi bezinsimbi ezisindayo emzimbeni womuntu kanye nomphumela wokulwa nemisebe, ngakho-ke yaziwa nangokuthi "ama-radiation busters".

2.Umsebenzi we-Hemostatic

Ama-polyphenols etiye anemisebenzi yokulwa ne-antibacterial kanye ne-antibacterial, ngakho-ke angavimbela ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative nokukhiqizwa kwamagciwane endaweni yenxeba, akhuthaze ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi ku-vitro kanye nokufakwa kwe-collagen, enze amangqamuzana egazi abomvu nama-neutrophils asebenze, futhi amise ngokushesha ukopha. Amaprotheni, izici zokuhlangana, ama-platelet kanye ne-fibrin endaweni yenxeba kuhlangana nama-polyphenols wetiye ukuze kukhiqizwe izakhi zokuxhuma futhi kusheshise ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda.

3.Ukwelashwa kwe-Antitumor

I-polyphenols yetiye, ikakhulukazi i-catechin derivatives, inemiphumela ephikisana nokuguquka kanye ne-anti-cancer, engavimbela futhi ivimbele inqubo ye-lipid peroxidation, igcine futhi ithuthukise umsebenzi we-enzyme emzimbeni womuntu, futhi ibonise imiphumela emihle ekuvimbeleni nasekuphatheni i-adjuvant yomdlavuza wesisu, umdlavuza wamathumbu nezinye izifo.

4, ukunciphisa i-lipids egazini, kuvimbela isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi

I-polyphenols yetiye ingavimbela ngokuphawulekayo ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol ku-plasma nesibindi, ibe nomphumela wokugqugquzela ukuphuma kwe-lipid compounds kusuka endle, hhayi nje kuphela engavimbela i-atherosclerosis, kodwa futhi ibe nomphumela wokulahlekelwa isisindo. Phakathi kwazo, i-EGCG namanye ama-catechin alawula i-lipid metabolism ngokuvimbela ukumuncwa kwezakhi emgudwini wamathumbu, ukulawula ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana amafutha kanye ne-lipids, ukulawula izitshalo zamathumbu, nokuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-insulin.

5.Ukuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo

Ama-polyphenols etiye anemiphumela emihle yokuvimbela kanye nokwelapha ezifweni zenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ekuvinjweni kwe-atherosclerosis ebangelwa i-cholesterol ephezulu kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-triglyceride. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-polyphenols etiye angasiza futhi ukugcina nokwehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi alawule i-metabolism kashukela ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini.

6.Anti-oxidation futhi anti-ukuguga

Ama-polyphenols etiye angasusa ama-radicals mahhala ngokweqile emzimbeni womuntu futhi abambezele ukuguga komzimba womuntu. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant wetiye polyphenols unamandla kune-VE, futhi ungcono uma uhlanganiswa ne-VC ne-VE.

7.Ukuvimbela i-caries

Kufakazelwe ukuthi ama-polyphenols etiye angavimbela ngokuqinile amagciwane e-cariogenic futhi anciphise kakhulu i-plaque kanye ne-periodontal index.

8.I-antibacterial kanye ne-antiviral

Ama-polyphenols angakwazi ukusheshisa amaprotheni eseli, akhiphe futhi enze amaprotheni eseli angasebenzi. Kusetshenziswa umgomo wetiye le-antibacterial kanye ne-antiviral polyphenols, ama-catechin asetshenziswe kuma-air conditioner phesheya. I-EGCG kuma-TPs ingabopha kulwelwesi lwe-lipid lwamabhaktheriya futhi ithinte i-folate metabolism yamabhaktheriya ngokuvimbela i-cytoplasmic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele inhloso ye-antibacterial.